Las trece colonias: Historia de los Estados Unidos [The Thirteen Colonies: History of the United States]
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Narrado por:
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Cristian Trujillo
Acerca de esta escucha
La fundación de las “Trece Colonias” que dieron origen a la formación de la Nación de Naciones, al país más cosmopolita y desarrollado del mundo, sui generis por excelencia, se asimiló a la “Confederación Iroquesa” y en particular a las “Cinco Naciones” que más tarde fueron SEIS, y que dieron origen a la gran nación de los Estados Unidos de América, fue o ha sido la odisea del Siglo XVII, que empezó con la fundación de la primera Colonia en Virginia en 1607, y la última que fue la Colonia de Georgia en 1733.
El Nuevo Mundo, y por ende, América del Norte, existía en el pensamiento europeo y de otras partes del mundo, comenzando por los asiáticos, mucho antes de que los corsarios vikingos y del descubrimiento hecho por Cristóbal Colón el 12 de Octubre de 1492. Sí, era un mundo maravilloso en el desconocido Occidente. Y parecía que lo que antes era leyenda ahora se convertía en historia, porque anterior al Siglo IX a. C., de Homero, y del Siglo IV a. C., de Platón, se especulaba con las creencias de que las tierras fuera del Oikoumene _el mundo conocido de los griegos_ contenía a la Atlántida, un continente perdido o apenas imaginado.
Según Ellman Crasnow y Philip Haffenden, el interés se vio revivido en los primeros tiempos del cristianismo debido a la historia de Saint Brendan, el monje irlandés quien hizo un viaje entre las islas encantadas del oeste de Irlanda; y muy relacionada con esta fábula estaba la leyenda de los siete obispos, quienes huyeron de la España Mora internándose atrevidamente en el Atlántico para descubrir la hermosa isla de Antilia, en la cual construyeron siete ciudades.
Y se sabe, que todas estas narraciones influyeron en las exploraciones del Siglo XV, lo cual provocó que la leyenda estuviese en estrecho contacto con la realidad. El mismo Cristóbal Colón creía en la leyenda de Antilia. Más tarde se tuvo la idea del “Paraíso Terrestre”, que fue desarrollada por “Travels of Sir John Mandeville”, un trabajo fantástico de la Edad Media tardía, con mucha aceptación en Europa. Mandeville ubicaba este “Paraíso” al Oriente de la fabulosa tierra del Preste Juan, emperador de los abisinios, donde se sostenía que estaba la Fuente de la Juventud y tenía ríos por los cuales corría oro, plata y piedras preciosas. Y quién lo creyera, que el genovés Cristóbal Colón, bus-có muchos de estos detalles durante su viaje a “Catay” (China), y de la misma manera lo hicieron otros viajeros quienes transformaron a la Edad Media europea con el inmenso impacto de sus descubrimientos y hallazgos.
Además, se agregaba otro mito a la idea de la Edad Media tardía, referente al “Paraíso” “al final del Oriente: el mito renacentista de “Utopía”, que tomó forma en el trabajo imaginativo del mismo título escrito por Sir Thomas More, impreso por primera vez en 1516.
Recordemos, que en ese entonces la sociedad estaba guiada por una educación gratis y obligatoria para los jóvenes, que en la edad adulta se extendía con lecturas diarias, cosa que hoy en día no se hace. Las mentes libres se ejercitaban en reuniones comunitarias, por medio de las cuales se gobernaba.
Y sostienen los autores mencionados anteriormente, que de la misma forma se ha dicho que todos los grupos de pioneros ingleses, desde Maine hasta Georgia habían sido influidos por las ideas de More.
Please note: This audiobook is in Spanish.
©2022 Jaime Bedoya Martinez (P)2022 Jaime Bedoya MartinezRelacionado con este tema
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