The Battle of Lake Peipus or 'The Battle on the Ice' was fought on 5th April 1242 between a coalition of western crusaders led by the Teutonic Knights against an army from Novgorod, Russia, led by Alexander Nevsky. The conflict was made famous by a Soviet film of 1938 directed by Sergei Eisenstein.

This is the fifth and final part of a set of episodes on the Medieval Baltic and the Northern Crusades

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Alexander Nevksy appointed Prince of Novgorod, a Russian city with its own unique culture and proud history.

Lead up to Battle of Lake Peipus 1242

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Livonia in the 12th century was threatened by invasion from all sides; Danes, Swedes, Germans, Poles and Russians. Key events in the episode;

1201 - Founding of Riga (capital of modern day Latvia) by Bishop Albert

1219 - Capture of Tallinn (capital of modern day Estonia) by Denmark in the legendary battle of Lyndaniss

1236 - Defeat of a military order, the Sword Brothers, by a band of Lithuanians at the Battle of Saule

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A special episode where I interview Stuart E Eizenstat - an American diplomat and attorney.

Mr Einzenstat worked on Jimmy Carter's 1976 presidential campaign. After winning said campaign he became President Jimmy Carter’s Chief Domestic Policy Adviser.

Later he went on to become President Bill Clinton's Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. And he served as the United States Ambassador to the European Union from 1993 to 1996

Mr Eizenstat has also devoted much effort to various aspects of Holocaust Restitution, successfully negotiating major agreements with the Swiss, Germans, Austrian and French, and other European countries.

He has recently written a book called the Art of Diplomacy in which he recounts how American negotiators reached historic agreements that changed the world.

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Art-International-Diplomacy-Stuart-Eizenstat/dp/1538167999

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The Paris Peace consisted of a group of distinct treaties, but the main concern of the delegates was the settlement with Germany, embodied in the Treaty of Versailles signed in June 1919.

Germany’s eastern frontiers presented far greater problems.

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Music composed by Edward Elgar, Enigma variations, Variation IX (Adagio) Nimrod

Picture - Treaty of Versailles, Big Four

Theme tune for the podcast by Nico Vettese, www.wetalkofdreams.com

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