Episodios

  • Resisting Colonial Gender-based Violence

    Resisting Colonial Gender-based Violence
    Sep 25 2024

    Our podcast's central focus is on Indigenous women's rights and the pervasive issue of gender-based violence. We specifically concentrate on combating violence against Indigenous women and girls in Canada and how these endeavors intersect with international law and policies. Despite the existence of international human rights laws and conventions, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Vienna Declaration, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, there are significant challenges and gaps in ensuring the protection of Indigenous women's rights and the eradication of gender-based violence. The devastating consequences stemming from these challenges demand immediate attention and action. Concerted efforts must be made to address these issues comprehensively and effectively.

    Gender-based violence against Indigenous women and girls is universal, and addressing it needs to be a priority. Vulnerable people and communities need to be protected, and government/officials need to be held accountable. As mentioned earlier, Canada has signed various conventions and treaties. The ongoing violence directed at Indigenous women; indicates they have not followed through on upholding these. As a first world country, this demonstrates to others that this is not a priority and lays a foundation for other countries that they can continue to neglect human rights. By raising awareness, we hope to encourage others to push for action, demand change, and support initiatives that promote gender equality and protect marginalized communities.

    References
    Buffie, N. (2023, September 17). ‘Search the landfill’ protests planned across Canada for Monday. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/9967221/search-the-landfill-protests-planned-canada/

    CBC News. (2018, September 26). Missing and Murdered: The Unsolved Cases of Indigenous Women and Girls. https://www.cbc.ca/missingandmurdered/

    McDiarmid, J. (2019). Highway of Tears: A true story of racism, indifference and the pursuit of justice for missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. Doubleday Canada. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/548115/highway-of-tears-by-jessica-mcdiarmid/9
    780385687584

    Meeches, L., Irving, K., Gibson, R. (Executive Producers). (2016-2019). Taken [TV Docu-series]. Eagle Vision; CBC Gem. https://gem.cbc.ca/taken

    Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2007). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). UN General Assembly, A/RES/71/32. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/IPeoples/UNDRIPManualForNHRIs.pdf

    Smiley, M. (Director). (2015). Highway of Tears. [Film] Finesse Films & Paracas Independent
    Films. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2175928/?ref_=adv_li_tt

    Snyder, E., Napoleon, V., & Borrows, J. (2015). Gender and Violence: Drawing on Indigenous Legal Resources. U.B.C Law Review, 48(2) 593-654.

    The World Conference on Human Rights Vienna. (1993). Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. UN General Assembly, A/CONF.157/23.
    https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action

    Tsosie, R. (2010). "Indigenous Women and International Human Rights Law: The Challenges of Colonialism, Cultural Survival, and Self-Determination.” UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 15(1), 187-238.

    United Nations General Assembly. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, 1-10. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women
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    31 m
  • Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada

    Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada
    Sep 18 2024

    This podcast explores how Indigenous women have and still are having their rights violated and how these violations are not being addressed by the colonial government. The fact that the rights of Indigenous women come second to human rights, and how they are treated like “add ons.” We hope to provide information and discuss resources to inform people about not only the issue but how to get involved in meaningful ways that support Indigenous women and their rights. We discuss the importance of using a gendered lens in order to see the whole scope of the issues surrounding violence against Indigneous women in Canada.

    Some topics our group debates involve man camps for pipeline projects currently taking place in Indigenous communities. Man camps create a violent space for Indigenous women because of the increased number of attacks in the locations where the camps are set up. The colonial Canadian government has plans to expand pipeline projects which inevitably leads to an increase in man camps in and around Indigenous peoples land and thus leads to an increase in violent attacks on Indigenous women in those areas. Framing the relevance to the fact that capitalism is more important than Indigenous Women in the colonial mind. We also talk about The Red Dress Movement as a statement of bringing awareness to the violence on Indigenous women's bodies and we will therefore expand on ideas surrounding that movement. We will also discuss the ever-growing number of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls along a stretch of highway in British Columbia known as the highway of tears in relation to the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls Report (MMIGW+2S). Our group will also explore the topic as it relates to the ongoing work on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission 94 Calls to Action, and the fact that only a few of the recommendations have been put into place and practice.

    References
    Johnstone, R. (2006). Feminist Influences on the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Human Rights Quarterly, 28(1), 148–185. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0005
    Kuokkanen, R. (2012). Self-Determination and Indigenous Women's Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly: A Comparative and International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Law. 34(1), 225-250. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hurq34&id=1&collection=journals&index=#
    National Inquiry Into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019, May 29). Final report. MMIWG. Retrieved September 28, 2022, from https://www.mmiwgffada.ca/final-report/ Reilly, N. (2019). Women, Gender, and International Human Rights: Overview. In International
    Human Rights of Women (pp. 1–18). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8905-3_23
    Zwingel, S. (2013). International Feminist Strategies: Strengths and Challenges of the Rights-Based Approach. Politics & Gender, 9(3), 344–351.
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X13000226
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    22 m
  • Gender Issues in Human Rights: Gender-based Violence and Feminicide in Canada

    Gender Issues in Human Rights: Gender-based Violence and Feminicide in Canada
    Sep 11 2024

    We have chosen the topic of gender violence as a human rights issue because it is widespread and global. We are interested in discussing gender violence from a theoretical feminist lens to capture the complexity and intersectionality involved in gender violence as a human rights issue in a way that other theoretical perspectives cannot. As MacKinnon states, “what happens to women is either too particular to be universal or too universal to be particular, meaning either too human to be female or too female to be human” (Mackinnon, p.142), which showcases the importance of centering gender violence as a human rights issue. We believe it is important to bring attention to the frequent and detrimental impacts of gender violence to bring awareness to an issue that impacts half the global population.

    Historically, international human rights documents and policies have failed to acknowledge the rights and needs of women and non-binary identities. While significant progress has been made and international committees such as CEDAW are contributing to the diversification of international human rights, a disparity remains between international human rights and the people they claim to represent. Among many other experiences specific to women and non-binary identities, gender violence and the inequalities that perpetuate this type of violence lack representation within international instruments. From a gender perspective, we can understand the pressing issue of gendered violence occurring both nationally and internationally and identify the connection between gender inequality and gender violence and how they create, uphold, and perpetuate each other. In our podcast discussions, we argue that the reality and effects of gender violence must be centered on the formation of women’s international human rights and must remain relevant within international instruments to create a foundation for reports of violence to be made effectively. Our discussion of international human rights from a gender perspective aims to emphasize the connection between gender violence and human rights and how they should not be separated, as well as the need for policy and protection against gender violence in both the public and private sectors of life. To deepen and make our conversation more concrete, we discuss the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) in Canada as our. Indigenous women and girls in Canada are more likely to experience violence, rape, and murder than non-Indigenous women (Statistics Canada, 2022). The MMIWG is a current example of gender violence that is occurring in Canada. We bring more awareness to MMIWG as well as tie the concepts of gender violence together through this ongoing and current case study.

    References
    Canadian Women’s Foundation Podcast. (2020-2022). Alright, Now What?
    https://canadianwomen.org/podcast/
    MacKinnon, C.A., (2007). Crimes of war and crimes of peace. Are woman human? And other international dialogues. United States of America: Harvard University Press.
    National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Reclaiming
    Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/
    TEDx talks. (July 18, 2016). We are more than murdered and missing. Tamara Bernard.
    TEDxThunderBay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fylLSRQ5kx8
    United Nations Human Rights. (2022). What Are Human Rights? United Nations Human Rights
    Office of the High Commissioner. https://www.ohchr.org/en/what-are-human-rights
    Zwingel, Susanne (2013). "International Feminist Strategies: Strengths and Challenges of the
    Rights-Based Approach." Politics & Gender, 9: 344-351.
    https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/in
    ternational-feminist-strategies-strengths-and-challenges-of-the-rightsbased-approach/B251B7B
    F19E8045AAC3E6CF542E31CCA
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    25 m
  • Writing Wrongs: Exploring Human Rights and Genocide in Canada

    Writing Wrongs: Exploring Human Rights and Genocide in Canada
    Sep 4 2024
    Often language employed within universal laws are inaccessible to the public and can only be understood by those retaining a high level of selective education, which is often privatized. Hence, the ability to comprehend human rights treaties becomes limited, rights becomeunrecognized to the general public, and the knowledge of individual rights remains undisclosed. Subsequently, wrongdoings committed by the state can easily be exonerated, due to the transgressions remaining shrouded.The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UN, 1948) is a central document in international human rights that provides the language to define genocide globally – or at least within its signatory countries. In 1952, Canadaratified the convention and has since integrated its own definition of genocide within its criminal code (UN Treaty, n.d.). The definition found in the Canadian criminal code is notably influenced by the one offered by the UN (1948) but is surprisingly excluding important aspects –points (b), (d), and (e) – of the latter cited below:In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:(a) Killing members of the group;(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring aboutits physical destruction in whole or in part;(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. (p.1)In this podcast, we explore how language inclusions and exclusions within legal documentation influences how a country addresses internal issues. More specifically, how has the omission of these three definitions of genocide influenced Canada, its judicial system, and its cultural and national’s reaction to incidents of violence within the country? We believe language and culture are tightly intertwined. Therefore, it is interesting to consider how this linguistic exclusion relates to Canada’s image on the international stage as a peacekeeping nation with a cultural ‘mosaic’, a nation that promotes and accepts multiculturalism (Dorn, 2005; Viau, 2018). In our discussion, we address the impact of this decision on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, including the coercive sterilization of Indigenous women and the Missing andMurdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Was this omission a way for Canada to abdicate itself from legal guilt? Additionally, could this linguistic exclusion have an impact on the State’s reaction or inaction to other violent acts such as the implementation of pipelines, national access to abortion clinics, and the ‘Millennial Scoop’?References for audienceA legal analysis of genocide: Supplementary report of the National Inquiry into Missing andMurdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Retrieved fromhttps://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Supplementary-Report_Genocide.pdfNational Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Lexicon ofterminology.https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MMIWG_Lexicon_FINAL_ENFR.pdfReferencesA legal analysis of genocide: Supplementary report of the National Inquiry into Missing andMurdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Retrieved fromhttps://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Supplementary-Report_Genocide.pdfCriminal code, RSC 1985, c. C - 46, § 318(2), (1985). Ottawa, ON. Retrieved fromhttps://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46/section-318.htmlDorn, A. W. (2005). Canadian peacekeeping: Proud tradition, strong future? Canadian ForeignPolicy Journal, 12(2), 7-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2005.9673396Government of Canada. (n.d.). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Retrieved fromhttps://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1450124405592/1529106060525MacKinnon, C. A. (2007). Are women human? And other international dialogues. HarvardUniversity Press.National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Lexicon ofterminology.https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MMIWG_Lexicon_FINAL_ENFR.pdfSnyder, E., Napoleon, V., & J. Borrows. (2015). Gender and violence: Drawing on indigenous legalresources. U.B.C. Law Review, 48(2), 593-654.United Nations (UN). (n.d.) Treaty collection: Status of treaties. Retrieved fromhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-1&chapter=4&clang=_enUnited Nations (UN). (1948). Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime ofgenocide. Treaty Series, 78, 1-4.https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdfUnited Nations (UN). (2007). United Nations declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples.Retrieved fromhttps://www.un.org/development...
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    18 m
  • Excavating Yogyakart

    Excavating Yogyakart
    Aug 28 2024

    In this episode, students explicitly excavate the Yogyakarta principles, looking at the barriers to Canadian and International implementation. Students use different gender perspectives on the Yogyakarta interview/conversation style to elicit authentic descriptions of experiences.

    References
    The Transgender Archives

    https://www.uvic.ca/transgenderarchives/index.php

    The Humans Rights Watch Organization

    https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2016/country-chapters/africa-americas-asia-europe/

    central-asia-middle-east/north-0

    and

    https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/10/26/nepals-third-gender-passport-blazes-trails
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    32 m
  • Gender-Variance in Human Rights

    Gender-Variance in Human Rights
    Aug 21 2024
    ​​This episode explores how language and inclusion of LGBTQ+ terminology in human rights, and women’s rights can be expanded. The students focus on trans and gender-variant people’s rights who have been left primarily out of UN human rights discussions. There are multiple ways this topic is relevant, from student’s personal experiences and beliefs, through relevance to this course and the world stage. Students discuss why language around gender should be expanded in human rights law, specifically through discussion on what has been done in the past to increase inclusivity surrounding gender in human rights law and what more could be done going forward. This is a critical topic to touch on in light of the ongoing institutional and interpersonal violence against gender-variant people, which is often perpetuated through legislation, as we have recently seen in the US. We want to bring attention to the limits inherent in terms like ‘violence against women’ in a world where there are other oppressed gender identities - explicitly bringing attention to trans, gender-variant and intersex people. This will be done through a brief discussion on the history of gender in United Nations human rights documents, followed by a more in-depth discussion surrounding inclusive terminology, the nuances of labels and the need to avoid western-centric terminology (LGBTQ vs SOGI). Through this discussion, we hope to come up with potential actions and changes that could reasonably be applied to future human rights law documentation.The frequent exclusion of LGBTQ+/SOGI people from human rights treaties and debates lies close to their heart. On a personal note, the heteronormative approach to human rights often categorizes them into the “women’s rights” category because they have a female body, which indirectly erases their gender identity. This combination of academic interests and real life connections and experiences has led her to have an interest in human rights outside of the white-cis-hetero standard. Student’s core argument is that a broader language of gendered violence that includes a range of trans and gender-variant people is essential to human rights discourses. These groups of people face direct and institutional violence, which stems from norms of cis heteropatriarchy and binary gender views. We need to talk about violence as gendered while recognizing that not all cases fall into the category of violence against women. For example, it is possible for violence is driven by misogyny and patriarchy to be aimed at individuals who are not women, i.e. transgender men or AFAB (assigned female at birth) non-binary people. There ought to be terminology to discuss the role of gendered oppression in the violence these groups face, without lumping it in as ‘violence against women’, since to label it as such misgenders the victims, a further disrespect added to the violence. We hope to tie this topic into the class through a similar theoretical framework by looking at human rights as a historical process where women’s rights have increased in inclusion and integration over time. This was achieved mainly due to feminist activism and pressure. Similar achievements can be made for trans and gender-variant people by connecting how language and identity inclusion can be expanded through discussion and activism.The episode use current events to ground propose conversations on human. A primary example is the anti-LGBTQ legislation that has been advanced at the state level across the United States. Trans athletes, bathrooms, youth access to hormone therapy, and other panics currently occupy the consciousness of Republican politicians, as evidenced by the number of bills predicated on those ‘issues’ in state governments (Legislation affection LGBTQ rights, n.d.). In light of such political trends, with the US’ situation as an example, it is essential to have the vocabulary to assert trans and gender-variant people’s rights as an essential pillar of human rights. Trans people also face more direct interpersonal violence, and we can make this more immediate to the listener by offering statistics. Of the 50 total trans fatalities in the United States in 2022, a majority were Black and Latinx women (Fatal Violence Against the Transgender, n.d.). The trend of violence toward trans people is present among other ethnicities and countries: Brazil leads the world in anti-trans violence, with 375 deaths between 2020 and 2021, 58% of whom were sex workers (Pinheiro, 2022). Moreover, of course, these are only the killings that are known and reported. Given this pattern of violence, from which one can discern intersections of gender identity and race, it becomes more apparent to the audience that the vulnerability of trans women and other marginalized gender identities to harm needs to be recognized as a distinct set of violence that stems from cis heteropatriarchy.Furthermore, intersex people, who have ...
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    30 m
  • The Canadian Context: Abortion Rights

    The Canadian Context: Abortion Rights
    Aug 14 2024
    This podcast focuses on abortion rights in Canada: what is the history of abortion rights in Canada? Are there any legislated protections in place for individuals wanting/needing an abortion? How accessible are abortions? Also, what are some of the socio-economic impacts/pressures when it comes to getting an abortion? And how have Indigenous peoples been affected by changes in reproductive rights, have they even been considered? These are some of the core questions that we aim to answer in our podcast. Part of our conversation will touch on the debate that exists within discussions of abortion rights, pro-life vs. pro-choice, this division centers around the right a fetus versus the right of the pregnant individual. Finally, we will also draw comparisons between abortion rights in Canada and those in the United States, especially focusing on the actions of individual states following the over turning of Roe v. Wade.The purpose of our podcast is to bring awareness to the fact that since the 1988 ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of R v. Morgentaler, the act of giving or receiving an aboriton has been considered legal by the federal government of Canada. The Court found thatprevious abortion laws that banned or limited access to abortions went against section 7 of theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the right to life, liberty and security of person (Long,2022). Nevertheless, despite abortions being decriminalized and legal, the right to obtain anabortion has never been enshrined in the Canadian Constitution. It also has not been added to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms thus meaning that there are no protections in place that will ensure the longevity of individuals being able to safely and legally access abortions (ARCC, 1). Some of the main arguments and concepts we are engaging with include the right foreveryone to have access to safe abortions. In clinics, we need to have open, safe spaces forpeople of all genders, socio-economic statuses, religions, and races to have abortions, free from bias or harassment. Canada needs to have these clinics accessible to everyone, including those in rural areas. Canada also needs to have laws that are pro-choice. While abortion is decriminalized, there has been no legislature on abortions since 1988. The Supreme court did not say that there was an inherent right to abortions under the charter of rights, merely that the laws against abortions were hindering women’s rights (Long, 2022). With this comes limited access to abortions and a general sense of uncertainty with the Roe v. Wade overturning in the USA. Canada needs to put in place firm laws that defend a persons right to an abortion. Anotherconcept we will engage with is the fact that certain demographics are disproportionately affected by abortion laws. This partially stems from racism, sexism, classism and prejudice against those who differ from the people in charge. This topic is acutely relevant to our current society with the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade; with a change in leadership Canada could have similar outcomes. It is time that those in charge create laws that protect abortion and a person’s right to choose. Without this, future leaders will have an easier time enforcing abortion bans even though abortion is currently decriminalized in Canada.Finally, we explore the implementation and enforcement of rights by discussing the barriers to abortion in Canada. Due to Canada’s concentrated population along the southern border, (and un-official racist/classist policies), rural communities are often underserved in relation to reproductive healthcare. Geographic locations greatly impact the rhetoric surrounding abortions in Canada. Un-serviced areas usually also lack adequate pregnancy care (Kirby, 2017.)Due to the direct links between socio-economic status and geographic location in Canada, reproductive healthcare is not equally accessible across the country. Through the podcast, we will also juxtapose perceived equal access to reproductive rights in Canada and the reality experienced by Indigenous people. Reproductive healthcare in Canada is upheld on the “legislated and non-legislated policies which aim to control Indigenous women’s reproductive rights” (Clarke, 2021). W discuss the aftermath of the report issued by the United Nations Committee Against Torture that acknowledges coerced and forced sterilization ofIndigenous women in Canada (UN, 2018).References: Possible Sources to direct listeners toAbortion Rights Coalition: Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/abortionrightscoalitioncan/?hl=enAborsh: Podcasthttps://www.vanmag.com/Why-Should-Canadians-Care-About-Roe-v-Wade-This-Podcast-Tackles-Abortion-Rights-North-of-the-BorderAl-Arshani, S. (2022). “A Judge in Brazil Ordered a 10-Year-Old Rape Victim to Be Removedfrom Her Family and Sent to a Shelter to Prevent Her from Having an Abortion.” Insider,https://www.insider.com/brazil-judge-10-year-old-rape-victim...
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    28 m
  • Abortion Rights and the Overturn of Roe vs. Wade

    Abortion Rights and the Overturn of Roe vs. Wade
    Aug 7 2024

    This is an extremely important topic because of how many intersections lead to women’s rights. Women still deal with an immense amount of violence and discrimination, and we hope that by examining the monstrosities perpetrated against women in the United States we will bring more awareness to this topic. We also hope that by examining CEDAW, we can propose potential solutions. CEDAW is a brilliant jumping-off place because it has been in formation for so many decades. With this, there is a certain awareness of what works, and what doesn’t in the context of women’s reproductive justice. Specifically, we want to understand why a state would not prescribe to a convention protecting its members, such as CEDAW, and if there is a better way to mandate women’s reproductive rights. This will require us to examine women’s rights intersectionally, and focus on who benefits from them, and who does not. We will attempt to explore solutions, those that involve the United Nations, and those that do not. Our end goal, especially as women living in a state that is boarding a country committing horrific acts of violence against women, is to use our class knowledge of international human rights to shed light on how reproductive injustice in America is affecting women.

    References:

    Catherine A. MacKinnon, Are Women Human? And Other International Dialogues (United States of America: Harvard University Press, 2007) at 141. HumanRightsWatch. (2022, June 24). Human rights 101 | episode 11: Why is access to

    abortion a human rights issue? YouTube. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEMtBL0kTwg

    Rachael Johnstone (2006). "Feminist Influences on the United Nations Human Rights Treaty

    Bodies." Human Rights Quarterly, 28(1), 148-185.

    Nussbaum, Marth (2016). “Women’s Progress and Women’s Human Rights.” Human Rights

    Quarterly 38 589–622. https://muse-jhu-edu.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/article/627628/pdf

    The New York Times. (2022, May 24). Tracking the states where abortion is now banned. The

    New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from

    https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html

    Zwingel, Susanne (2013). "International Feminist Strategies: Strengths and Challenges of the

    Rights-Based Approach." Politics & Gender, 9: 344-351.

    https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/core/journals/politics-and- gender/article/international-feminist-strategies-strengths-and-challenges-of-the-rightsbased-approach/B251B7BF19E8045AAC3E6CF542E31CCA

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    24 m