OTD:

In 1212, the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa saw a coalition of Christian forces defeat the Almohad Caliphate, marking a turning point in the Reconquista.

In 1439, King Henry VI of England banned kissing to help prevent the spread of the plague, an early public health measure.

In 1945, the United States conducted the first successful atomic bomb test, known as the Trinity Test, marking the beginning of the nuclear age.

In 1951, J.D. Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the Rye" was published, quickly becoming a literary sensation and influencing modern literature.

In 1956, Bell Labs introduced the TRADIC, the world's first fully transistorized computer, marking a major advancement in computer technology.

In 1969, the Apollo 11 mission achieved the first manned moon landing, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the moon.

In 1990, the London Stock Exchange and Frankfurt Stock Exchange agreed to merge, creating a powerful European financial market.

In 2009, the hacker group Anonymous launched Project Chanology against the Church of Scientology, marking a significant instance of online activism.

In 2019, the International Court of Justice ruled that Pakistan must review the death sentence of Indian national Kulbhushan Jadhav, emphasizing fair trial standards in international law.