“Is it time to do something big and different? That’s always a good question to ask,” said W. Kimryn Rathmell, MD, PhD, MMHC, the immediate former director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the current CEO of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute. At the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, Dr. Rathmell spoke with Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles, and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology, about how the NCI can adapt to the current environment. She also shared her thoughts on educating the next generation of cancer physicians. “How can we help enable them to look at every patient creatively and to think about how we incorporate all this immense amount of knowledge that we’re trying to impart with them?” she asked.

A late-breaking abstract presented at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting (LBA3) showed that rusfertide significantly increased hematocrit control and improved symptoms for patients with polycythemia vera, a chronic leukemia. “We thought if we could use our understanding of iron regulation, then we could change the game a little bit,” said Andrew Kuykendall, MD, assistant member in the Department of Malignant Hematology at the Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida. He told Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology, about the rationale behind the trial, broke down key findings, and shared what comes next in this area of research. “I think it is very important that we continue to follow these patients. And this is an ongoing trial that has a part two to it, which is a long-term safety assessment period,” he explained.

When it comes to building support for cancer research in the current environment, “the message that we have had in our field is a good one. But we may need to craft a better message,” says Robert A. Winn, MD, director and Lipman Chair in Oncology at the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center in Richmond. Dr. Winn lays out a strategy designed to show the American public the benefits in oncology already yielded from previous investments in science, alongside what can be done if support continues. He tells Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology, that “we’ve talked about the facts, but we have not been effective at telling the story of the big dream of how science could really impact lives.” From the fight for equitable access to cancer care advances to recruiting the next generation of researchers, Dr. Winn stresses that he will continue to fight for progress. “I’m going to continue to ring that bell until I can’t anymore,” he explains.

Dr. Winn reported no relevant financial relationships.

Dr. Figlin reported various financial relationships.

The addition of perioperative durvalumab in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer improved event-free survival, according to findings from the MATTERHORN study. “This trial will be an important milestone,” said Yelena Y. Janjigian, MD, chief of the Gastrointestinal Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, who presented the findings at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. She spoke with Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology, about the significance of the data. “We demonstrated improvement in event-free survival, and this is the first regimen in the perioperative setting to do so,” Dr. Janjigian noted. She also shared next steps for the research and broader questions that the data raise across oncology.

Dr. Janjigian reported various financial relationships.

Dr. Figlin reported various financial relationships.

Data from the SERENA-6 trial, presented at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, have the potential to dramatically change advanced estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer care, says William J Gradishar, MD, the Betsy Bramsen Professor of Breast Oncology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago. The study showed benefit in switching therapies based on circulating tumor DNA evidence of ESR1 mutation, ahead of disease progression. “If we find that the magnitude of benefit seems to be as meaningful as it’s been reported to be, then I think what we will find in practice is more and more people will be doing next-generation sequencing testing, doing it earlier, and doing it more frequently to identify these mutations and act upon them,” Dr. Gradishar told Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology. Dr. Gradishar also discussed key drugs in development, including selective estrogen receptor degraders, and questions about the sequencing of new treatments. “There may be diminishing returns, as we’ve seen with other drugs,” he noted.

Editor’s Note: This interview was recorded shortly before the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.

Big questions associated with ESR1 mutations in patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer may soon have answers. New data are “going to take the whole breast oncology field from one place and put it in a different place. It’s going to be an inflection point in our history of treating breast cancer,” says Jason Aboudi Mouabbi, MD, assistant professor in the Department of Breast Medical at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Speaking with Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology, Dr. Mouabbi outlined current challenges in identifying and responding to the development of ESR1 mutations. Dr. Figlin and Dr. Mouabbi also discussed how eagerly anticipated findings may transform practice and important aspects of mutational testing to consider.

Dr. Mouabbi reported consulting fees from GE Healthcare, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Novartis, Fresenius Kabi, BostonGene, and Cardinal Health.

Dr. Figlin reported various financial relationships.

The approach to ESR1 and PIK3CA mutations in patients with hormone receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer continues to evolve. What role does circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) play in treatment decisions? How should oncologists best approach patients with PIK3CA mutations who subsequently develop ESR1 mutations? VK Gadi, MD, PhD, professor and director of medical oncology and deputy director of the University of Illinois Cancer Center in Chicago, discusses with Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director of Cedars-Sinai Cancer in Los Angeles and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology, how recent data are informing care for patients with comutations. “We now have at least one ESR1-targeting drug out there, and more to come,” Dr. Gadi explains. “Elacestrant is the drug I’m of course referencing, and that is used essentially like a single agent and works well for those patients. Even when they have, for example, PIK3CA mutations present.” He and Dr. Figlin consider when to act on ctDNA findings and potential future strategies.

Dr. Gadi reported no relevant financial relationships.

Dr. Figlin reported various financial relationships.

The last few years have seen “a remarkable change in both our approach and management of EGFR lung cancer,” says Shirish M. Gadgeel, MD, division head for hematology/oncology and associate director of Patient Experience and Clinical Care at the Henry Ford Cancer Institute in Detroit. He discusses key considerations for managing EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer with Robert A. Figlin, MD, the interim director and Steven Spielberg Family Chair in Hematology-Oncology at Cedars-Sinai Cancer Center in Los Angeles. Dr. Gadgeel describes considerations for leptomeningeal metastases, important treatment toxicities, and exciting advances on the horizon.

Dr. Gadgeel reported various financial relationships.

Dr. Figlin reported various financial relationships.