Learn how to classify and manage pneumonia in today’s episode!

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park with content support from Dr. Natasha Nakra. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Key Points:

• Pneumonia can be due to bacteria or viruses and there is no reliable way to distinguish the two
• Pneumonia can be diagnosed clinically based on exam or with a CXR. Lab work is not always necessary
• Treatment of bacterial pneumonia depends on if you think it is community acquired (first line amoxicillin), atypical (first line azithromycin), or nosocomial/hospital acquired (consider antibiotics for pseudomonal or MRSA coverage)

Sources:

• AAP 2023, Pinto: https://doi.org/10.1542/aap.ppcqr.396216
• Pediatrics in Review 2017, Messinger: https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2016-0183
• Pediatric Care Online 2016, Light: https://publications.aap.org/pediatriccare/book/348/chapter/5785224/Pneumonia-Chapter-315
• IDSA 2013: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir531

Prolonged viral upper respiratory symptoms or is it actually sinusitis in disguise? Join us as we discuss all things sinusitis in this episode!

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park with content support from Dr. Natasha Nakra. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Key Points:

• Acute bacterial sinusitis can be clinically diagnosed based on persistent respiratory symptoms lasting more than 10 days without improvement, worsening or new respiratory symptoms after initial improvement, or severe symptoms at onset lasting more than 3 days.
• First line antibiotic treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis is with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate
• Complications include orbital or intracranial spread of infection

Sources:

• Pediatrics in Review 2013, Demuri and Wald: https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.34-10-429
• AAP Pediatrics 2013, Wald et al: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1071
• Pediatrics 2024, Conway et al: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-064244

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Lisa Rasmussen. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Key points:

• Vitamin K is important in preventing early and late onset bleeding in newborns (up to 6 months of age), most importantly, intracranial bleeding.
• Intramuscular vitamin K is most effective but oral vitamin K regimens are used outside of the US and are better than not giving any vitamin K

Sources/Supplemental Information:

• AAP Pediatrics 2022, Hand: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-056036

CDC Vitamin K Handout: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/vitamin-k-fact-sheet-general.html