Ross is away today but undergrad student Zach Hoorman is filling in to help us review the first episode of It’s About Time (1966), a sitcom from the creator of Gilligan’s Island about two astronauts who accidentally “break the time barrier” and find themselves stranded one million years in the past. There’s not much real palaeoanthropology to talk about in this episode, so instead Josh does a poor job of explaining Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

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In this episode:

Watch It’s About Time on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QguKIuhEiI

Neanderthal eyes and brains: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21759233

Just-so stories: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-so_story

Hair in the Palaeolithic: https://www.academia.edu/81780985/Bad_Hair_Days_in_the_Paleolithic_Modern_Re_Constructions_of_the_Cave_Man?f_ri=2403396

Einstein’s theory of special relativity: https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html

The speed of light on a train: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVKFBaaL4uM

1960s car crash songs: https://riffmagazine.com/mp3/rewind-20220122/

Firebringer (2016) is a musical play about the discovery of fire by a tribe of polyamourous, matriarchal ancient humans. They also invent stone tools, art, hunting—they pretty much hit all the classic caveman tropes, and even subvert some of them. The only problem is... it’s a musical.

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In this episode:

Watch Firebringer (2016) on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmVuNlu0LCk

The earliest controlled use of fire: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2743299

The oldest stone tools: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32804177

Neanderthals hafted tools with birch tar: https://www.science.org/content/article/50000-year-old-tar-smeared-tool-shows-neanderthal-smarts

The oldest cave paintings: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aap7778

Divje Babe Neanderthal “flute”: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/holes-in-a-bone-flute-or-fluke

Palaeolithic Lithophones: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1985.tb00229.x

Homo naledi: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/homo-naledi-your-most-recently-discovered-human-relative.html

Early art at Blombos Cave: https://theconversation.com/south-africas-blombos-cave-is-home-to-the-earliest-drawing-by-a-human-103017

Goog Enough on Twitter: https://x.com/goog_enough

Sima de los Huesos: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-sima-hominins-an-ancient-human-cold-case

The Mauer mandible: https://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/homo%20heidelbergensis/Mauer%201

Bae et al. (2023) Moving away from “the Muddle in the Middle” toward solving the Chibanian puzzle: https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.22011

Roksandic et al. (2021) Resolving the “muddle in the middle”: The case for Homo bodoensis sp. nov. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21929

The Middle Pleistocene was renamed to “Chibanian”: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chibanian-age-earths-newly-named-geological-period-180974224/

Evolution (2001) is a star-studded soft-disclosure propaganda film masquerading as a shampoo commercial intended to prepare us for extraterrestrial butt stuff. I think? I mean it doesn’t seem to know what evolution is. In this episode we discuss organic chemistry, asexual reproduction, and Lamarckism, and also firetrucks for some reason.

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In this episode:

Evolution (2001) production information: https://www.cinema.com/articles/458/evolution-production-information.phtml

Tillers and Quillers (i.e. fire trucks): https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/features/cantankerous-wisdom-tillers-quillers/

Head and Shoulders “Intensive treatment”: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/selsun-blue-tersifoam-selenium-sulfide-topical-343485

Lamarckism: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/the-history-of-evolutionary-thought/1800s/early-concepts-of-evolution-jean-baptiste-lamarck/

Asexual reproduction in plants: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.03%3A_Reproduction_in_Plants/16.3E%3A_Asexual_Reproduction_in_Plants

Stephen J. Gould (1989) Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History: https://archive.org/details/wonderfullifebur0000goul_r6i5/page/n7/mode/2up

Multiple sexes in fungi: https://www.the-scientist.com/this-fungus-has-more-than-17-000-sexes-69930

Starfish Regeneration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish_regeneration

Hypothetical types of biochemistry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry

Natural Gas Odorizers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odorizer

Evolution wouldn’t follow the same path twice: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190709-would-humans-evolve-again-if-we-rewound-time

Adam and Eve (Bingo!) Meet the Cannibals (Bingo!) tells the story of two blond (Bingo!) early humans who are banished from their home (Bingo!) and go on a rambling journey (Bingo!) where they encounter dinosaurs (Bingo!) and several tribes of cave people. Of course, everyone will be familiar with the plot because it’s a loose adaptation of the famous story, The Quest for Fire. What’s that? “Bible”? “Genesis”? Never heard of it.

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In this episode:

Where did Cain's wife come from? https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/department/biblical-views-who-did-cain-marry/

Cannibalism in the bible: https://www.openbible.info/topics/cannibalism

Simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (SIV and FIV): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1659310/

Disease transmission by cannibalism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2189571/

Can vampires get HIV? https://www.reddit.com/r/AskScienceFiction/comments/nwcs93/vampires_can_vampires_get_hiv_or_aids/

How many holes does a human have? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egEraZP9yXQ

Can you run a string through your entire GI tract? https://www.straightdope.com/21341206/can-yogas-swallow-a-cloth-and-have-it-come-out-the-urk-other-end

Family Guy Seagulls are not cannibals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG0MxhkQ67w

Origin and diversification of birds: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.003

Plants take up chronic wasting disease prions in the lab: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/chronic-wasting-disease/plants-can-take-cwd-causing-prions-soil-lab-what-happens-if-they-are-eaten

Kuru disease: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/kuru

Did Adam and Eve have bellybuttons? https://www.doesgodexist.org/SepOct06/TheGreatBellyButtonDebate.html

Men don’t have fewer ribs than women: https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/arguments-to-avoid/women-have-more-ribs-than-men/

Was Eve made from Adam’s baculum? https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/ncbi-rofl-what-did-god-do-with-adams-penis-bone

Os clitoridis (baubellum): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_clitoridis

If you were watching American TV in 2004, then you remember the Geico caveman commercials. What you might not remember is that they spun off a sitcom: Cavemen (2007), starring Nick Kroll, was cancelled after only six episodes and is considered one of the worst TV series of all time. But how does it hold up to scientific scrutiny? Find out on today’s episode, where we do the research the screenwriters didn’t!

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In this episode:

The Geico caveman commercials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8o_YqzMBoo

Watch the full Cavemen series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zE9Q41jqFKU&list=PL81C5835E560AE6BE

Green et al. (2010) A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1188021

Green et al. (2006) Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05336

Denny, the first generation Neanderthal/Denisovan hybrid: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/nov/24/denisovan-neanderthal-hybrid-denny-dna-finder-project

Interbreeding between archaic humans: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans

“Ghost lineages” in human ancestry: https://www.science.org/content/article/mysterious-ghost-populations-had-multiple-trysts-human-ancestors

Oase 1 – a modern human with recent Neanderthal ancestry: https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14558

Bacho Kiro – modern humans with recent Neanderthal ancestry: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3

Nikolai Valuev (is not a Neanderthal): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Valuev

Allometry: https://www.britannica.com/science/allometry

It finally happened! Archaeologist Flint Dibble faced-off against pseudoarchaeologist Graham Hancock on the Joe Rogan Experience, so we’ve invited Dr. Andrew Kinkella to help us break down this four-and-a-half-hour-long podcast episode! Was there an advanced civilization before the Younger Dryas? Find out once and for all in this episode!

Listen to Dr. Andrew Kinkella on the Pseudo-Archaeology Podcast: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo

Kinkella Teaches Archaeology on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@KinkellaTeachesArchaeology

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In this episode:

Watch JRE#2136 Graham Hancock & Flint Dibble on YouTube: https://youtu.be/-DL1_EMIw6w?si=2iZKAAz5vHIVdcP_

Flint Dibble on why he did JRE - Sapiens: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/graham-hancock-joe-rogan-archaeology/

John Hoopes on Hancock’s book Talisman: https://twitter.com/KUHoopes/status/1598744692321026065?lang=en

Aaron Rabinowitz on antisemitism in Hancock’s work – The Skeptic: https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2023/02/netflixs-ancient-apolocalypse-hosted-by-graham-hancock-from-alien-conspiracies-to-antisemitism/

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/protocols-of-the-elders-of-zion

I forgot to mention! Hancock wrote about about a lost civilization on Mars. He has definitely supported the ancient aliens hypothesis: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/53330.The_Mars_Mystery

The Bill Nye/Ken Ham debate: https://www.youtube.com/live/z6kgvhG3AkI?si=Xc1SRmSBCYO7d5l2

Andrew Kinkella on Wired Tech Support: https://youtu.be/pUstiwexvkI?si=AV2ql0wjBsJvjpsQ

Flint Dibble on Archaeosoup: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pVbAT8LORA

Stefan Milo – Atlantis is Dead: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWugM4XRPuc

Archaeodeath with Fredrik Trusoham of Digging Up Ancient Aliens on the Dibble/Hancock debate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOzxl7wyTDs

Andrew Kinkella on the Dibble/Hancock debate: https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo/140

Today we’re reviewing Evolution’s Child (1999), a made-for-TV movie in which a woman is accidentally impregnated by sperm from an Ötzi-inspired ice mummy, and ultimately gives birth to a child with magical bronze age powers—and one fatal weakness. We talk ancient diseases, DNA contamination, and genetic memory, and Ross reassures us that this probably won’t happen at your local IVF clinic.

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In this episode:

Alzheimer’s disease throughout history: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9

Origins of sickle cell disease: https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/diversity/african-american-blood-donors/history-of-sickle-cell-disease.html

Ancient pollution from metallurgy: https://vice.com/en/article/z4m7e4/ancient-metallurgy-suggests-the-anthropocene-started-thousands-of-years-ago

Present-day DNA contamination in ancient DNA: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.202000081

A woman requested to be impregnated by Ötzi’s sperm: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418206/

Evolution of lactase persistence: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230503/What-is-lactase-persistence-and-how-did-it-evolve.aspx

Museum of Anthropology, UBC: https://moa.ubc.ca/

Robson Square Steps: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/robson-square-accessibility-1.5255477

Epigenetics: https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/epigenetics.htm

“Genetic memory” in mice: https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnn.3594

Epigenetic effects of famines: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/science/dutch-famine-genes.html

Geordi is a fucking incel: https://www.reddit.com/r/startrek/comments/9uz83w/remember_the_time_dr_brahms_stumbled_upon_geordis/

Star trek the Next Futurama: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU09gLXwc_A&list=PLghELjfG88YEGpW22Y5AAZxiihGj3qEPb

We rarely the get change to review a newly released caveman movie, so we’re really excited about Out of Darkness (2022), the story of Upper Palaeolithic modern humans venturing into Europe for the first time, and encountering a mysterious enemy. What could it be? Well if you’ve kept up with the field of palaeoanthropology over the last twenty or thirty years, it’s probably exactly what you expect!

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In this episode:

Palaeolithic thaumatrope/whirlygig: https://rockartblog.blogspot.com/2019/04/prehistoric-animation-paleolithic.html

Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06923-7

Microliths of the Aurignacian: https://doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.2002.12.1.83

Earliest evidence of woven fabric: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-textiles-172909

Hairdos in prehistoric Europe: https://richlyadorned.wordpress.com/2017/01/31/hairdos-in-prehistoric-europe/

Prehistoric humans had better teeth than we do: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/prehistoric-humans-had-better-teeth-than-we-do-26567282/

Fictional languages are called “conlangs”: https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/

Self defense against strangulation: https://mbcc.mt.gov/_docs/Events/Educational-Power-Hour/Strangulation-Response/Safety-Plan-Brochure-Strangulation.pdf

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