Episodios

  • S8 Ep258: THE ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERY OF THE BIG BANG Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. Halpern explains how a horror movie inspired the Steady State theory, which posits that new matter is continuously created to maintain cosmic density. Ironically, Hoyle coined the

    S8 Ep258: THE ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERY OF THE BIG BANG Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. Halpern explains how a horror movie inspired the Steady State theory, which posits that new matter is continuously created to maintain cosmic density. Ironically, Hoyle coined the
    Dec 29 2025
    THE ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERY OF THE BIG BANG Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. Halpern explains how a horror movie inspired the Steady State theory, which posits that new matter is continuously created to maintain cosmic density. Ironically, Hoyle coined the term "Big Bang" as a derisive label during a radio broadcast, preferring his continuous creation model. The segment highlights Hoyle's genius in calculating how carbon forms in dying stars, a necessity for life. However, the debate shifted decisively when Penzias and Wilson accidentally discovered the cosmic microwave background hiss. This radiation, identified by Robert Dicke's team, provided the observational proof that vindicated Gamow's hot origin theory. NUMBER 3
    AUGUST 1938
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    13 m
  • S8 Ep258: STELLAR ORIGINS AND COMPETING COSMOLOGIES Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. The focus shifts to Fred Hoyle, whose musical mother taught him to read via silent film subtitles. Halpern details Hoyle's journey to Cambridge, where his ambition to work in nucl

    S8 Ep258: STELLAR ORIGINS AND COMPETING COSMOLOGIES Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. The focus shifts to Fred Hoyle, whose musical mother taught him to read via silent film subtitles. Halpern details Hoyle's journey to Cambridge, where his ambition to work in nucl
    Dec 29 2025
    STELLAR ORIGINS AND COMPETING COSMOLOGIES Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. The focus shifts to Fred Hoyle, whose musical mother taught him to read via silent film subtitles. Halpern details Hoyle's journey to Cambridge, where his ambition to work in nuclear physics was interrupted by WWII radar research. Hoyle became fascinated by astronomy, eventually authoring a key 1946 paper on stellar nucleosynthesis, proposing that elements are forged inside stars. This set the stage for the "Great Big Bang Debate." While Gamow argued for element creation in a hot, primeval explosion, Hoyle developed the Steady State theory, filling in the gaps of an expanding universe. NUMBER 2
    1961
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    7 m
  • S8 Ep258: FROM REVOLUTION TO QUANTUM TUNNELING Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. This segment introduces the parallel early lives of physicists George Gamow and Fred Hoyle. Halpern describes Gamow's youth in revolutionary Russia, noting the irony that his father on

    S8 Ep258: FROM REVOLUTION TO QUANTUM TUNNELING Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. This segment introduces the parallel early lives of physicists George Gamow and Fred Hoyle. Halpern describes Gamow's youth in revolutionary Russia, noting the irony that his father on
    Dec 29 2025
    FROM REVOLUTION TO QUANTUM TUNNELING Colleague Professor Paul Halpern. This segment introduces the parallel early lives of physicists George Gamow and Fred Hoyle. Halpern describes Gamow's youth in revolutionary Russia, noting the irony that his father once taught Leon Trotsky. Gamow studied under Alexander Friedmann, who applied general relativity to an expanding universe model likened to a balloon. Following Friedmann'suntimely death, Gamow pivoted to quantum physics, discovering quantum tunneling—a process vital for stellar fusion. The discussion covers Gamow's motorcycle adventures at the Niels Bohr Institute and his eventual escape from the Soviet Union to avoid Marxist-Leninist political intrusion into science. NUMBER 1
    1942
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    12 m
  • S8 Ep257: IMPORTING THE MAFIA STATE: THE 2014 MOSCOW DINNER AND THE ROOTS OF TRUMP'S RUSSIAN ENTANGLEMENTS Colleague Craig Unger. Investigative journalist Craig Unger analyzes a pivotal February 2014 dinner in Moscow attended by Jared Kushner, Ivanka Trump, and pro

    S8 Ep257: IMPORTING THE MAFIA STATE: THE 2014 MOSCOW DINNER AND THE ROOTS OF TRUMP'S RUSSIAN ENTANGLEMENTS Colleague Craig Unger. Investigative journalist Craig Unger analyzes a pivotal February 2014 dinner in Moscow attended by Jared Kushner, Ivanka Trump, and pro
    Dec 29 2025
    IMPORTING THE MAFIA STATE: THE 2014 MOSCOW DINNER AND THE ROOTS OF TRUMP'S RUSSIAN ENTANGLEMENTS Colleague Craig Unger. Investigative journalist Craig Unger analyzes a pivotal February 2014 dinner in Moscow attended by Jared Kushner, Ivanka Trump, and prominent Russian oligarchs like Roman Abramovich and Viktor Vekselberg. Occurring just weeks before Russia's invasion of Crimea, Unger suggests this gathering exemplifies how Donald Trump has sought to replicate Vladimir Putin's "mafia state," where a "godfather" figure controls billionaire "capos." Unger argues that the Kremlin's leverage over Trump is primarily financial rather than sexual; Russian entities frequently rescued Trump from bankruptcy and laundered billions through his real estate ventures, such as the Trump SoHo. Consequently, figures like Kushner and Steve Witkoff—who attended the dinner and now act as envoys—are viewed by Moscow not as independent negotiators, but as known operators within a compromised infrastructure exported from Russia to the United States.

    1945 POTSDAM: ATLEE, STALIN, TRUMSN
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    28 m
  • S8 Ep256: STARSHIP: THE FULLY REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR MARS Colleague Eric Berger. At Boca Chica, Texas, SpaceX transformed a swamp into "Starbase," a modern rocket factory for the Starship and Super Heavy launch system. Starship represents the endgame of Musk's v

    S8 Ep256: STARSHIP: THE FULLY REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR MARS Colleague Eric Berger. At Boca Chica, Texas, SpaceX transformed a swamp into "Starbase," a modern rocket factory for the Starship and Super Heavy launch system. Starship represents the endgame of Musk's v
    Dec 29 2025
    STARSHIP: THE FULLY REUSABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR MARS Colleague Eric Berger. At Boca Chica, Texas, SpaceX transformed a swamp into "Starbase," a modern rocket factory for the Starship and Super Heavy launch system. Starship represents the endgame of Musk's vision: a fully reusable rocket larger than the Saturn V, designed to be caught by "chopstick" arms on the launch tower to eliminate landing legs and speed up reuse. The plan involves orbital refueling and launching fleets of ships every two years to transport massive amounts of cargo, serving as a "Grand Central Station" for deep space colonization. NUMBER 8
    1921 FRANCE
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    8 m
  • S8 Ep256: THE CHUTE SHOW AND THE RACE FOR COMMERCIAL CREW Colleague Eric Berger. SpaceX competed with Boeing to restore NASA's ability to launch astronauts, a program politically legitimized by Boeing's participation. Developing the Crew Dragon required rigorous te

    S8 Ep256: THE CHUTE SHOW AND THE RACE FOR COMMERCIAL CREW Colleague Eric Berger. SpaceX competed with Boeing to restore NASA's ability to launch astronauts, a program politically legitimized by Boeing's participation. Developing the Crew Dragon required rigorous te
    Dec 29 2025
    THE CHUTE SHOW AND THE RACE FOR COMMERCIAL CREW Colleague Eric Berger. SpaceX competed with Boeing to restore NASA's ability to launch astronauts, a program politically legitimized by Boeing's participation. Developing the Crew Dragon required rigorous testing, particularly by a team nicknamed the "Chute Show" who tested parachutes in the desert. While Boeing and SpaceX faced similar challenges, SpaceX optimized its Falcon 9 Block 5 for rapid reuse, hardening parts based on lessons from previous flights. Despite the inherent risks of human spaceflight, SpaceX ultimately succeeded in flying veteran astronauts to the station, maintaining reusability as a core requirement. NUMBER 7
    1938
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    11 m
  • S8 Ep256: STARLINK: THE ECONOMIC ENGINE FOR MARS Colleague Eric Berger. To finance the massive costs of the Mars program, SpaceX developed Starlink, a constellation of thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites designed to provide global internet. While previous

    S8 Ep256: STARLINK: THE ECONOMIC ENGINE FOR MARS Colleague Eric Berger. To finance the massive costs of the Mars program, SpaceX developed Starlink, a constellation of thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites designed to provide global internet. While previous
    Dec 29 2025
    STARLINK: THE ECONOMIC ENGINE FOR MARS Colleague Eric Berger. To finance the massive costs of the Mars program, SpaceX developed Starlink, a constellation of thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites designed to provide global internet. While previous attempts at LEO constellations were deemed impractical due to manufacturing challenges, SpaceX is now operating thousands of satellites, outpacing sovereign nations and competitors like Amazon's Kuiper. This aggressive expansion relies on the reusable Block 5 Falcon 9 boosters to launch dozens of satellites at once, generating the revenue necessary to build the Starship architecture. NUMBER 6
    SEPTEMBER 1955
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    7 m
  • S8 Ep256: THE TRIUMPH OF LANDING AND THE MYSTERY OF AMOS-6 Colleague Eric Berger. In December 2015, SpaceX achieved a historic milestone by landing a Falcon 9 booster at Cape Canaveral, a feat made possible by Air Force support despite fears that the sonic booms mi

    S8 Ep256: THE TRIUMPH OF LANDING AND THE MYSTERY OF AMOS-6 Colleague Eric Berger. In December 2015, SpaceX achieved a historic milestone by landing a Falcon 9 booster at Cape Canaveral, a feat made possible by Air Force support despite fears that the sonic booms mi
    Dec 29 2025
    THE TRIUMPH OF LANDING AND THE MYSTERY OF AMOS-6 Colleague Eric Berger. In December 2015, SpaceX achieved a historic milestone by landing a Falcon 9 booster at Cape Canaveral, a feat made possible by Air Force support despite fears that the sonic booms might damage nearby spy satellites. The rocket utilized autonomous avionics to execute the landing, which looked deceptively fast until the final seconds. However, this success was followed by the confusing explosion of the Amos-6 satellite on the pad in 2016. The incident occurred so quickly that Musk briefly entertained a "sniper theory" involving a competitor before the technical cause was found. NUMBER 5
    NOVEMBER 1956
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    11 m