Carthage, Rome, and Imperial Decline

The final debate explores the historical destruction of Carthage to illuminate the modern American Empire's troubled trajectory and uncertain future. Germanicus advances a provocative thesis: the United States now more closely resembles Carthage—a wealthy, financialized, multicultural mercantile power relying on paid soldiers and foreign contractors—than the cohesive, destiny-driven Republic of Rome whose citizen-soldiers conquered the known world through shared sacrifice. They observe how historical narratives are invariably shaped by victors, noting that figures from Napoleon to modern filmmakers consistently utilize defeated enemies like Carthage or the Nazis to define national identity and justify present ambitions. A striking reversal emerges from their analysis: Russian propaganda now appropriates Roman symbols of martial virtue, disciplined unity, and civilizational mission, while the United Statesappears increasingly as a "flabby empire of financial usury" potentially facing its own Carthago delenda est moment at the hands of more vigorous rivals. The discussion concludes with a somber warning drawn from Byzantium's fall in 1204, when Crusaders who should have been allies instead sacked the great city: a disunited nation lacking shared vision and collective willingness to sacrifice stands vulnerable to sudden, catastrophic collapse, potentially ending the "American Empire" far sooner than its citizens imagine possible.
1450 VIRGIL: DIDO WELCOMES AENEAS TO CARTHAGE

Rebellion and Theater in Minnesota
The dialogue turns to the rebellious American province of Minnesota, where local authorities and National Guard forces reportedly confront federal Department of Homeland Security agents over immigration enforcement in suburban streets. Gaius expresses alarm at combat-ready troops appearing in peaceful neighborhoods, while Germanicus identifies these confrontations as symptoms of potential civil war, drawing parallels to the radicalization that preceded the French and Spanish Civil Wars when ideological factions manufactured crises to justify violence. They dissect what Germanicus terms the "theater" of modern political conflict, wherein the Left imitates revolutionary Jacobins while the Right grows increasingly militant, both sides driving the nation toward artificial confrontation that serves partisan interests rather than public good. Germanicus notes the bitter irony of the Governor—referred to variously as Wallace or Waltz—who previously deployed what critics called "stormtroopers" during the plague years to enforce compliance, now mobilizing those same forces against the central government he once served. The debaters conclude that while much of this represents performative "authoritarian theater" designed for political consumption rather than genuine rebellion, such staged conflicts carry the grave risk of spiraling into authentic fratricidal violence and the catastrophic breakdown of imperial order that doomed previous republics.
1902

Gaius and Germanicus convene in winter Londinium to debate the American Emperor Trump's bold proposal to purchase Greenland from Denmark, framing this ambition not as mere resource acquisition but as a demonstration of imperial authority in the manner of ancient conquerors. Germanicus argues that NATO's opposition to the scheme reveals deep fractures within the alliance, fractures the Emperor exploits through tariffs and economic coercion to enforce obedience among vassal states. The strategic calculus centers on the "GIUK gap"—the naval chokepoint between Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom—and the opening Arctic passages as polar ice recedes and Chineseambitions expand northward, circumstances they compare to World War II-era occupations designed to protect the Western Hemisphere from hostile powers. Germanicus posits that purchasing Greenland serves primarily as ritualistic display, for the Empire cannot presently risk actual war with major rivals like China or Russia, and must therefore project dominance through economic might and symbolic victories. The debaters conclude that while Denmark publicly resists, a face-saving "condominium arrangement" represents the most likely resolution, permitting the United States to maintain its status as dominant world power through the instruments of economic pressure and theatrical triumph rather than the spilling of legionary blood.

1899 GREENLAND

A LANDSLIDE VICTORY AND POLITICAL REALIGNMENT Colleague David Pietrusza. On election night, early returns from Connecticut signal a massive victory for Roosevelt, contradicting expectations of a close race. FDRsweeps the nation, winning 46 states and securing 334 House seats, while Landon carries only two states. This landslide marks a permanent realignment of American politics, solidifying the Democratic Party's strength in urban areas. Roosevelt carries 104 of the nation's 106 major cities, supported overwhelmingly by the children of immigrants who came of age during the 1930s. The result validates the "liberal ideal" and leaves the Republican opposition in complete disarray. NUMBER 8

1936 JAVELIN WINNERS