Welcome back to the Heart Guardian podcast, hosted by Dr. Aman Kapoor. In today's episode, we delve into the fascinating and critical topic of artificial heart valves, devices that have revolutionized the treatment of heart valve diseases. Our special guest, the eminent cardiologist Dr. Jagdish Hiremath, joins us to provide an in-depth understanding of these life-saving devices.

Understanding Artificial Heart Valves: Artificial heart valves are mechanical devices designed to replace diseased heart valves and restore normal blood flow. The heart functions as a mechanical pump, with blood moving in a unidirectional flow through four main valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. When these valves malfunction due to diseases, artificial heart valves can step in to maintain this crucial flow.

Types of Artificial Valves:

1. Tissue Valves: Made from pig tissue (bovine) or the pericardium, these valves are designed for older patients. They require only a single dose of aspirin daily and typically last 10-12 years in the mitral position and 12-15 years in the aortic position.
2. Metallic Valves: Constructed from specialized steel, these durable valves are suitable for younger patients. They require serious blood thinners and regular monitoring through INR tests to prevent clotting and ensure proper functioning.

Surgical and Non-Surgical Interventions:

• Open-Heart Surgery: The most common method for valve replacement, involving the removal of the diseased valve and suturing of the new artificial valve.
• TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement): A less invasive procedure for older patients, where the valve is replaced through the groin without open-heart surgery.
• SAVR (Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement): Traditional surgical replacement of the aortic valve.

Post-Surgery Management: Managing life with an artificial heart valve involves regular check-ups and blood tests. Patients with metallic valves need to maintain their INR levels between 2-3 to prevent clotting and bleeding complications. Tissue valves, while more convenient, require periodic echocardiography to monitor their condition.

Success Rates and Complications: The success rate for heart valve surgeries in India is approximately 90%. While complications such as clot formation, valve infection, and valve dysfunction can occur, they are relatively rare with proper management and follow-up.

Future Innovations: Advancements in artificial valve technology continue to improve patient outcomes, with new designs aimed at increasing the lifespan of the valves and reducing the need for repeated surgeries.

Join us for an enlightening discussion that not only explores the mechanics and benefits of artificial heart valves but also highlights their impact on enhancing the quality and longevity of life for patients with heart valve diseases.

Keywords:

Dr. Jagdish Hiremath, Dr. Aman Kapoor, AKonnects, MUHS, MIPC, artificial heart valves, tissue valves, metallic valves, TAVR, SAVR, heart valve surgery, heart health, cardiology.

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