Namibia is a country of diverse geology and mineral deposits that is also embracing the green energy transition. The diversity of critical minerals and metals and the expansion of green energy sources for mining are all exciting for the future of Namibia.
Namibia is 'elephant country' in more than one way!

The Society of Economic Geologists is thrilled to collaborate with our partners the Geoscience Council of Namibia and the Geological Society of Namibia to host the SEG 2024 conference in Windhoek, September 27-30.

This episode explores the geology and mineral deposits, from the Proterozoic to the present and the mineral potential that exists throughout the country. We hope you will listen in and then join us in Windhoek in a few months!

Anna Nguno, Deputy Director at the Geological Survey of Namibia (GSN), Ministry of Mines and Energy and co-chair of SEG 2024 introduces the episode with a conference teaser: what to expect at the conference, the main themes, technical sessions, field trips, and more.

Geological Mineral and Information System - Namibia (Geological Survey of Namibia)

Next Roy Miller, previous Director of the Geological Survey of Namibia, provides an overview of the regional geology and tectonic history of Namibia, including the mineral deposits and economic potential of the various belts.

• Paleoproterozoic basement rocks contain the 1.2 Haib porphyry deposit.
• Mesoproterozoic rocks in the country are divided into 3 complexes, none of which contain extensive mineralization.
• The Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Damara Supergroup is the most extensive succession in Namibia, contains a wealth of different types of ore deposits, and is found in three belts: 1) the Damara belt in central Namibia; 2) the Kaoko belt in the northwest; and 3) the Gariep in the southwest
• The Carboniferous to Jurassic Karoo Supergroup contains thin lenses of coal and sandstone aquifers.
• Cretaceous continental breakup resulted in Etendeka flood basalts.
• At the end of the Cretaceous the region became semi-arid and the Kalahari Desert began to form. In wetter periods, the Orange River flooded and deposited diamonds from inland to the coast, 90% of which are gem quality and mined today by De Beers.
• From 21 million years ago, sand began to accumulate in major dune fields.

Finally, Mary Barton, Principal Geoscientist at Odikwa Geoservices, talks about her introduction to the field of geology and what a day in the life of a Namibian greenfields exploration geologist looks like. She discusses above ground risks in the country (including lions and cheetahs!), the placer diamond mining industry, and what opportunities the green transition might bring to the country.

Theme music is Confluence by Eastwinds

eastwindsmusic.com

SEG 2024 will be in Windhoek, Namibia! Come join us in a country known for its spectacular and diverse geology 27- 30 September, 2024.

Understanding the earth processes that control lithium is key to exploration and developing the resources needed for society and the energy transition. The lightest of the metals, lithium moves easily in fluids and is found in a variety of geologic environments from brines to pegmatites to clays.

Host Anne Thompson explores the geoscience of lithium, assessing what we know and what are the challenges in the quest to supply the lithium needed by human society. Our three guests provide insights into the variety of lithium sources that potentially allow for geographically distributed supply.

We talked first to Rebecca Paisley, a geochemist with WSP Canada, to consider the diversity of lithium bearing brines and the fundamental nature of the metal. Its natural affinity to partition into the liquid phase means that lithium occurs in salty salar brines, a variety of geothermal brines and oil field brines. The value of your brine, however, also depends on the end-product required and the steps needed to extract it from the solution. Rebecca connects the value of lithium in brines to the whole mining circle.

Bob Linnen, Chief Geologist – Lithium, KoBold Metals, spent his academic career studying pegmatites and now continues to develop his ideas through global exploration. The high grades in lithium pegmatites make them appealing targets for exploration, and better positioned to survive big fluctuations in commodity price. Not all pegmatites, however, are created equal and much is still being learned about this important host for lithium resources as the mineral system view evolves.
Koopmans et al., 2023

Lastly, we talked to Tom Benson, VP Global Exploration for Lithium Argentina. Tom thought he was going to be an academic after completing a PhD on Thacker Pass, Nevada, USA, but an opportunity to engage in research and exploration was too good to pass up. His work includes active collaboration with researchers around the world as well as exploration for new deposits. Tom frames the occurrence of lithium in clays at Thacker Pass within the context of volcano-sedimentary systems. The deposit has unique features, including the presence of higher grade illite in addition to lithium-bearing smectite.

Benson et al., 2023

New research globally focused on lithium resources continues to push our understanding and highlight the importance of its volatile nature in the ways in which it is concentrated and trapped.

Next week is the last episode of Season 4 – we will head to Namibia, host to the SEG 2024 conference September 27-30, to explore the diverse geology and mineral deposits and hear about what the conference has in store.

Many thanks to our season 4 sponsor, Anglo American.

Our theme music is Confluence, by Eastwinds.

SEG 2024 will be in Windhoek, Namibia! Come join us in a country known for its spectacular and diverse geology 27- 30 September, 2024.

As our geo-toolkit expands, how can we equip ourselves to deal with these large volumes of highly diverse, dense data that are available and at higher speeds than ever before? This week’s episode is a companion to episode 47 (Core Sensing Technology) and host Britt Bluemel (Global Business Development Manager, ALS GoldSpot Discoveries) is joined by experts in the field of big data wrangling. They discuss considerations when dealing with data from core sensing systems, with the aim of empowering geologists with better decision-making tools throughout the mining value chain.

New out this week is also a great paper in the SEG Discovery Magazine by Anthony Harris and co-authors - Empowering Geologists in the Exploration Process - Maximizing Data Use from Enabling Scanning Technologies. Check it out for diagrams and case studies that demonstrate the use of core scanning technology.

In this week's episode, our first guest, Dr. McLean Trott (Director, Ore Body Knowledge at ALS GoldSpot Discoveries) just completed his PhD on the topic of tackling big data and integration of various data streams, and how to extract the most value from datasets, including image data. Mac also discusses the utility of point measurement compared to line scanning or full core imaging, with an emphasis on fit-for-purpose data, while considering bottom line factors like speed and cost of data acquisition.

Next, we’re joined by Dr. Jack Milton, VP Geology at Fireweed Metals, and he provides the ‘end user’ perspective. Fireweed Metals has used XRF core scanning technology for several years and Jack describes some of the key benefits and real time decision making that is enabled by this technology. Jack also discusses good connectivity for transferring these huge data files (their on-site scanner has its own dedicated Starlink system) and the necessity of high quality calibrations when collecting XRF data in the field.

Our final guest, Brenton Crawford (Datarock’s Chief Geoscientist) cautions us not just to choose the coolest machine, but to select the sensor that’s right for the job. He discusses utilizing scanning data to create geometallurgical domains, and how project success can be increased by including your IT team in the early stages of the conversation.

Next week, Anne Thompson will be back with three exceptional guests, to discuss the geology of lithium and explore three different host environments, brines, clays and pegmatites.

Our theme music is Confluence, by Eastwinds.

SEG 2024 will be in Windhoek, Namibia! Come join us in a country known for its spectacular and diverse geology 27- 30 September, 2024.