In this episode, hosts Drs. Peter Lu and Jennifer Lee talk to Dr. Lusine Ambartsumyan about caring for children with refractory functional constipation. We discuss the evaluation and treatment of both children and infants with constipation that continues despite usual treatment with education, behavioral strategies, and stool softeners/laxatives.

Dr. Ambartsumyan is a pediatric gastroenterologist and Director of Gastrointestinal Motility at Seattle Children's as well as Associate Professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine. She is an internationally-recognized expert on pediatric constipation.

Learning Objectives:

1. Understand the importance of and proper technique for the physical examination of a child or infant with refractory constipation.
2. Understand the indications for anorectal and colonic manometry testing in children with refractory constipation.
3. Recognize the treatment options available for refractory constipation in children.

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