Josue recommends a prolonged warm-up for a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy before initiating aerobic exercise. Which of the following is the MOST likely rationale for this recommendation?

A) To increase left ventricular filling time

B) To prevent sudden increases in heart rate

C) To increase myocardial oxygen consumption

D) To enhance stroke volume during exercise

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Bill presents with early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and reports mild lower extremity weakness and occasional tripping when walking on uneven surfaces. Which intervention is MOST appropriate to address his current functional mobility?

A) Prescribe a wheelchair for energy conservation

B) Provide ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) to prevent foot drop

C) Initiate high-intensity strength training for lower extremities

D) Recommend a walker to improve stability

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Aiyana is an office worker with chronic low back pain who is referred to physical therapy. During a core stability assessment, the patient demonstrates difficulty maintaining a neutral pelvis while lifting one leg in a hook-lying position. Which muscle is MOST likely underperforming?

A) Iliopsoas

B) Erector Spinae

C) Quadratus lumborum

D) Rectus abdominis

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Leilani is an athlete who reports muscle cramps, fasciculations in the legs, and fatigue during prolonged training sessions. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of her symptoms?

A) Steroid abuse

B) Inadequate caloric intake

C) Hypervolemia

D) Hyponatremia

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Zayden presents with well-defined, raised plaques on the extensor surfaces of his elbows and knees. The lesions are covered with silvery scales, and he reports occasional itching and no systemic symptoms. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A) Atopic dermatitis

B) Psoriasis vulgaris

C) Tinea corporis

D) Lichen planus

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Miraide is recovering from a total hip arthroplasty and reports mild calf discomfort on the second day post-surgery. On examination, there is no significant swelling or redness, but the patient has a resting heart rate of 105 bpm. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis?

A) Initiate ambulation with a walker

B) Apply ice packs to the calf

C) Administer ankle pumps and quad sets

D) Perform a Homan’s test to confirm DVT

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Orion is a 12-year-old with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and is evaluated for gait abnormalities. The therapist observes excessive hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion throughout the gait cycle. Which of the following gait patterns BEST describes these findings?

A) Crouch gait

B) Scissoring gait

C) Ataxic gait

D) Steppage gait

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Kai is a 65-year-old male who presents with deep groin pain, morning stiffness lasting 30 minutes, and a positive scour test. Which gait deviation is MOST likely to be observed?

A) Uneven cadence

B) Decreased step length on the unaffected limb

C) Lateral trunk lean toward the unaffected limb

D) Marked hip internal rotation on the affected side

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