For many, the Internet is essentially a black box. We connect with endpoints to send and receive data, but we have little insight into what happens in between. Dr Paola Grosso talks about how the CATRIN project seeks to provide more visibility and control so we can make more responsible decisions on how we traverse the Internet.

Show notes:

02:17 – Paola’s UvA profile

04:21 – CATRIN project homepage

04:44 – UPIN project announcement

06:00 – Partners in the CATRIN project are listed at the bottom of the project homepage

09:29 – The ‘main paper’ on the responsible Internet that we talk about is the article in the Journal of Network and Systems Management. There’s also a series of posts about CATRIN on the SIDN Labs blog.

24:12 – See more on the Waag’s role in CATRIN

26:05 – Read up on the latest developments in MANRS.

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In this episode of the RIPE Labs podcast, three Internet pioneers talk about how they helped grow the Internet out of its early infancy, back when its purpose - and much of the excitement around its development - lay in the promise of connecting researchers from around the world.

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Show notes:

00:03:22 - Daniel Karrenberg about the EUnet, the first pan-European Internet Service Provider (ISP)

00:11:18 - Dennis Jennings about his first encounter with networking and the birth EARN

00:17:40 - Daniele Bovio on the first international routing tables received via EARN and BITNET

00:22:48 - Daniel Karrenberg on Email gateways, email being the one application that worked across all networks

00:27:06 - The first transatlantic interconnection Daniel operated

00:29:18 - Dennis shares how he built NSFNET

00:32:05 - Dennis on why he decided to use TCP/IP protocol on NSFNET

00:35:39 - Daniel about the birth of RIPE and the need to coordinate IP addresses

00:41:02 - Dennis on designing the national general-purpose network of networks beyond supercomputers and its business model

00:48:29 - Daniele on EBONE, a pan-European Internet backbone

00:56:48 - Daniele on his work at America Online (AOL) and leasing transatlantic capacity

01:12:09 - EARN Panel at SEE 12

01:12:26 - the RIPE Community today

01:14:00 - Dennis Jennings shares top 3 important moments in the Internet history that he has personally overseen

01:21:00 - Daniele Bovio shares top 3 important moments in the Internet history that he has personally overseen

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Internet users, the companies who sell us our devices, and governments are all caught up in the struggle to protect our privacy. In this episode, Bert Hubert explains how outsourcing and other market forces determine the flow of control over online data and why we need to understand the consequences.

Show notes:

01:00 - PowerDNS

01:04 - I highly recommend Bert’s excellent blog berthub.eu!!

02:42 - Bert on joining TIB (oversight board for the Dutch intelligence and security services)

02:58 - Bert on leaving TIB

03:30 - Reverse Engineering the source code of the BioNTech/Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

03:40 - George Orwell’s Why I Write

05:31 - RIPE NCC’s response to the NIS2 directive

10:00 - Bert talking about End to End Encryption for the European Internet Forum at the European Parliament

14:27 - Trinity college research on scale of data sharing from Android devices

32:31 - More on the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) on RIPE Labs here and here

34:00 - Incidentally, Bert was co-author of RFC 5452

34:50 - Bert and Corrine Cath on SIDN’s decision to outsource some of its services to AWS (in Dutch)

41:10 - Read about recent developments with the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

48:00 - Bert on climate change (again, highly recommended!)

54:30 - Business for geeks at NLNOG

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Starlink's megaconstellations deliver broadband Internet to customers around the globe. But while the tech promises to democratise Internet access, it's not always clear how existing protocols and regulations apply beyond the clouds. In this episode, Geoff Huston talks about the future of low-orbit Internet.

Show notes:

02:20 - APNIC Labs Starlink measurements and Geoff’s podcast on LEOs and TCP

08:50 - Geostationary orbit

09:48 - Project Iridium

14:40 - Starlink

29:50 - See more from Geoff on measuring Starlink performance from his talk at RIPE 87

35:45 - Research on Starlink using RIPE Atlas

44:30 - Atmospheric nuclear testing in the 60s

45:00 - NORAD Database of satellites

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The Internet is hardly foolproof in its design, and whether by accident or on purpose, the people who use and operate it sometimes don't do things they should or do do things they shouldn't. Qasim Lone talks about strange goings on he's investigated and how RIPE Atlas can help researchers in the field.

01:00 - RIPE Atlas

01:53 - SLAC

02:59 - Read Qasim on Why SAV is Still a Problem

04:37 - Other research from Qasim and colleagues on SAV

06:02 - RFCs 2827 and 3704 describe SAV implementation

06:35 - IPv4 lease time article

07:48 - The DNS Root Manipulation article

09:10 - Manu Bretelle's email to DNS-operations mailing list

18:17 - Qasim on 240/4

23:15 - RFC 3330 describes specialised IPv4 address blocks assigned by IANA

29:00 - Listen to our episode on bias in Internet measurements

36:30 - SEE 12 takes place in Athens this April

37:45 - ...and CAPIF 3 is coming up this September!

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Quantum technologies promise all kinds of fascinating possibilities, but they also come with risks. In this episode of the RIPE Labs podcast, André Grilo, founder and CEO of QuantumNova, talks about why we need to start investing in post-quantum cryptography to protect ourselves against post-quantum threats.

01:17 - QuantumNova

05:08 - Shor’s algorithm

11:07 - Post-quantum cryptography

14:02 - NIST selected 4 post-quantum security algorithms

16:00 - EU’s programme to support companies to transition to post-quantum

23:26 - Quantum repeaters to overcome overcome entanglement distribution over long distances

25:10 - Quantum Internet Hackathon

29:28 - AI and Quantum

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Understanding outages and shutdowns and how the Internet as a whole came to be vulnerable to, and also resilient against, these kinds of events requires more than a snapshot of the current state affairs. In this episode, Jim Cowie talks about how historical measurement data can help us acquire a better understanding of the Internet.

01:40 - There's a nice, short introduction to Jim and his background right here.

03:11 - RIPE RIS

04:50 - Jim on the 2011 outage in Egypt

07:05 - Jim has since confirmed that the Renesys team was indeed using RIS BGP data since September 2001, though Routeviews remains another invaluable source of BGP data.

12:35 - Jim's presentation at CAPIF1

13:42 - Resilience of the Internet in Ukraine on RIPE Labs

15:30 - Jim on the Rogers Outage over on the Pulse blog

21:43 - Doug Madory on Cuba and the Geopolitics of Submarine Cables

31:30 - GEODE on the RIPE Labs podcast

33:30 - RIPE Atlas

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Anastasiya Pak talks to Professor Wim Vanderbauwhede - lead of the Low Carbon and Sustainable Computing activity at the School of Computing Science of the University of Glasgow - about the carbon footprint of the ICT industry, misleading narratives around digitalisation, and why the notion of frugal computing is needed to move forward.

05:49 – The split of ICT emissions - 54% home, 19% data centres, 27% networks - is taken from the "Carbon impact of video streaming" white paper by the Carbon Trust, 2021.

07:13 – Problems with the claims about emission avoidance through digitalisation are discussed in "Digital Rebound – Why Digitalization Will Not Redeem Us Our Environmental Sins", Vlad C. Coroamă and Friedemann Mattern, 2019.

26:00 - The limited potential for offsetting of emission through biomass is discussed in "There aren’t enough trees in the world to offset society’s carbon emissions – and there never will be", Bonnie Waring, 2023.

34:37 – Wim discusses the notion of Frugal Computing in more detail in in his position paper "Frugal computing – On the need for low-carbon and sustainable computing and the path towards zero-carbon computing". A more academic version is available here.

37:09 - The potential for efficiency gains through better software is discussed in "There’s plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore’s law?", Charles E. Leiserson et al.

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