On the surface, Hong Kong remains a dazzling city and a successful financial hub with hundreds of thousands of visitors every year. However, local journalists and activists will tell you a very different story. In 2019-2020, Hong-Kong was swept up in a wave of protests in response to the draconian National Security Law introduced by China to end Hong Kong’s autonomy from the mainland. Despite the backlash, the bill became a reality. The wide list of provisions includes sending cases for trial in mainland China, holding trials behind closed doors and letting pro-Beijing legislators interpret the law - to name just a few. Moreover, incorporated into the law is Article 23 that criminalises everything that it deems as secession, subversion, extremism and collusion with foreign or external forces. In 2021, two of the largest outlets Apple Daily and Stand News, became the first victims and were forced to shut down. Many more independent media outlets closed since then fearing repercussions. Hundreds of journalists covering the Umbrella protests were beaten and detained. A group of pro-democracy campaigners ‘Hong-Kong 47’ were charged with sedition and most of them are still awaiting sentencing.

In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, Lana talks to a Hong-Kong based journalist who preferred to remain anonymous. They tell us about the chilling effect of the NSL on Hong-Kong’s once thriving media and their own trauma at witnessing their offices being raided by police. They also discuss how the nature of journalism has changed since the introduction of the law and why there is still a strong appetite for honest reporting.

On 30 May, a new report produced by the digital rights organisation Access Now and Citizen Lab revealed the details of the latest Pegasus attack on Russian and Belarusian journalists and activists. Pegasus, a sophisticated spyware made by Israel’s NSO Group made headlines in 2021 when it was discovered to have been targeted at thousands of people from all over the globe, including human rights activists and media workers. What makes this spyware so dangerous is that it doesn’t require clicking on a link and some victims may never discover that they’ve been hacked. It can penetrate IOS and Android systems and gain full access to a device- including photos, passwords emails and even microphone.

In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, Lana talks to Natalia Krapiva, the Senior Tech-Legal Counsel at Access Now about the latest targets of Pegasus attacks. Among them: the CEO of Novaya Gazeta, Maria Epifanova, journalists Evgeny Pavlov and Evgeny Erlikh, Belarusian activist Andrei Sannikovand, and the editor-in-chief of independent Belarusian media website Charter97.org - Natallia Radzina. They discuss what makes Pegasus so hard to identify and who could be behind it - while Russian and Belarusian authorities are the most obvious suspects, the truth is more complex. Finally, Natalia shares some useful advice on how journalists can protect themselves from spyware and what steps they should take if they discover they’ve been hacked.

Useful resources:
Access Now Digital Security helpline: https://www.accessnow.org/help/
Citizen Lab Tools & Resources: https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/tools-resources/
Justice for Journalists Media Safety Academy: https://jfj.academy/en/

Online harassment, intimidation, lack of access, government monopolies on media - we’re used to seeing such offences in countries with poor media freedom records. But what if all this was happening right on our doorstep, here in Europe? In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, Lana discusses the declining state of media freedoms in the EU with Oliver Money-Kyrle, the Head of Europe Advocacy and Programmes at the International Press Institute. They talk about the gap between the values projected by European institutions and the reality faced by independent journalists - from media capture and unregulated AI to malicious lawsuits and the dangerous anti-press rhetoric from right-wing politicians. And most importantly: what’s being done on the individual and institutional level to combat these challenges?

On the 28th May, the Georgian parliament overturned the presidential veto of the highly contentious ‘Foreign Agents’ law that had sparked weeks-long mass protests across the country and was strongly condemned by the international community. Should it come into force, any non-profit or media that receives over 20% of funding from overseas sources will have to register as “organisations acting in the interest of a foreign power” and face strict scrutiny from auditors and enormous fines.

In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, Lana speaks with returning guest Mariam Nikuradze, a Georgia-based reporter and co-founder of OC media. They discuss how the bill will affect independent media in the country, why some journalists might have to consider exile and what’s it been like covering the protests on the ground. They also talk about the wider implications of the law- with parliamentary elections coming up in October 2024, the ‘Foreign Agents’ bill has the potential to dramatically alter the future of the country and crush the dreams of joining the EU, supported by 80% of Georgians.

In this new episode of Trouble with the Truth, Lana secures an exclusive with Rana Ayyub, one of India’s most prominent journalists. In 2016 she published an investigative book titled the ‘Gujarat files’ looking into the 2002 Gujarat riots that took the lives of nearly 1000 people, mainly Muslims. In 2024, Rana reflects on how the current anti-Muslim propaganda pushed by the Indian PM Narendra Modi and his BJP party reminds her of that dark chapter of her country’s history. As a staunch critic of Modi’s government, Rana has faced a relentless online harassment and death threats while also being hit with questionable lawsuits. She talks about the her latest legal battles and why despite all the pressure, she will never be silenced.

Before 2019, Natalia Zubkova was a homemaker and a mother of three from a coal-mining Siberian city of Kiselyovsk. But when extreme air pollution caused by open-pit coal mining covered white snowy cityscape with black soot, it was time to act. ‘Black Snow’, a documentary directed by Alina Simone and produced by Kirstine Baford, tracks Natalia’s journey as a citizen journalist, documenting environmental catastrophe in her city and trying to hold local politicians and coal-mining magnates to account.

In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, the makers of ‘Black Snow’ Alina and Kirstine tell Lana what drew them to Natalia’s story and why this David v Goliath battle succinctly captures the struggle of environmental journalists and activist against the mafia-like industries. Alina also talks about the pressure she was under when filming in Russia and Kirstine explores the concept of humanitarian filmmaking and how they helped to evacuate Natlalia following death threats.

In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, Lana speaks with the founder of the Tehran Bureau media Kelly Golnoush Niknejad. As a teenager, Golnush left Iran with her family following the 1979 Islamic Revolution and later became a journalist in the US. In 2008 she launched Tehran Bureau, at first as a blog and then as a website. Since then, this English-language media has been offering in-depth, nuanced takes on Iranian politics and society. Golnoush shares her experience of settling in the US and what it took to set up an independent media that was so different from what was on offer. She also talks about Iranian protests one year on and the continuous threats against dissidents that makes their work difficult even in the West.

In 2022, Kyrgyzstan was ranked 72nd out of 180 countries on the press freedom index but in 2023, it plunged all the way to the 122nd spot, the sharpest decline of any country ever. Despite high levels of corruption and state-mandated human rights violation, Kyrgyzstan has always had a strong civil society and thriving independent media. However, since president Sadyr Japarov took over in 2020, the space for freedom of expression has rapidly shrunk. What happened?

In this episode of Trouble with the Truth, exiled human rights activist and lawyer Leila Seiitbek talks about recent developments- the arrest of 11 independent journalists in Kyrgyzstan, the closure of prominent social media outlets and the controversial ‘foreign representatives’ law that places NGOs in danger. Is Japarov drawing inspiration from other Central Asian authoritarians when it comes to trampling independent voices? How are the journalists resisting? Is another wave of protests likely? Find this out and more, in this new episode of Trouble with the Truth.