Re: RICO Act/Sons of Anarchy (2008)

What is RICO? What does it stand for? How is it used?

Sources:

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961-1968 (2023 Edition).

18 U.S.C. §§ 932 (Straw Purchasing of Firearms), 933 (Trafficking in Firearms), 2339B. (Providing material support or resources to designated foreign terrorist organizations) (2023 Edition).

“Homicide,” California Penal Code §§ 187-199.

“Uniform Controlled Substances Act,” California Health and Safety Code §§ 11000 - 11651.

Boyle v. United States, 556 U.S. 938 (2009).

H.J. Inc. v. Northwestern Bell Tel. Co., 492 U.S. 229 (1989).

Nat’l Org. for Women, Inc. v. Scheidler, 510 U.S. 249 (1994).

Reves v. Ernst & Young, 507 U.S. 170 (1993).

United States v. Martinez, 657 F.3d 811 (9th Cir. 2011).

CRIMINAL RICO: 18 U.S.C. §§1961-1968. A Manual For Federal Prosecutors, Organized Crime and Gang Section, U.S. Department of Justice (May 2016 6th Rev. Ed.).

“Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations” Bureau of Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/

“Mafia Commission Trial” Wikipedia, accessed 2/2024.

Written, Researched, and Recorded by Céleste Young, 2024.
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Re: The Lake (2022)/Trusts and Estates

What is a trust? Why would someone use a trust to transfer property? Can you inherit less than a complete interest in real property? If you do have a less than absolute interest does that put limits on what you can do with the property?

Sources:

Conveyancing and Law of Property Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. C.34, s. 5 (1), 10, 29-30.

Succession Law Reform Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.26, s. 2-3, 29-30.

Gertzbein v. Winer, et. al., [1970] 3 O.R. 676, 1970 CANLII 330 (ON SC).

Melms v. Pabst Brewing Co., 79 N.W. 738 (Wis. S.Ct. 1899).

Written, Researched, and Recorded by Céleste Young, 2024.
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Re: Life Insurance, Accident Policies/ Double Indemnity (1944)

What is a double indemnity clause? When can an insurance company deny a life insurance claim?

Sources:

Diamond v. New York Life Ins. Co., 286 N.Y.S. 625 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1936).

Funk v. New York Life Ins. Co., 60 N.Y.S.2d 349 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1946).

National Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Edwards, 119 Cal.App.3d 326 (Cal. App. 1981).

People v. Snyder, 159 N.E. 408 (N.Y. 1927).

Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. v. Snyder, 254 N.Y.S. 732 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1928).

American Council of Life Insurers (ACLI). "ACLI 2022 Life Insurers Fact Book."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mortality in the United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief No. 456, December 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db456.htm

Crowley & Shih, “What to do if Your Life Insurance Claim is Denied?” Policygenius (April 10, 2023). https://www.policygenius.com/life-insurance/what-to-do-if-a-life-insurance-claim-is-denied/

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Re: Double Jeopardy/Double Jeopardy (1999)

Can someone be charged for the same crime twice? Can they be charged with the same crime in multiple places? Is murder not always a crime?

Sources:

U.S. Constitution, Amend. 5, 10, 14.

Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969).

Blockburger v. U.S., 284 U.S. 299 (1932).

Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161 (1977).

Gamble v. U.S., 139 S. Ct. 1960 (2019).

Heath v. Alabama, 474 U.S. 82 (1985).

In re Nielsen, 131 U.S. 176 (1889).

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819).

Serfass v. U.S., 420 U.S. 377 (1975).

U.S. v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 (1993).

U.S. v. Felix, 503 U.S. 378 (1992).

Written, Researched, and Recorded by Céleste Young, 2024.
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Re: Insanity Defense/The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do it (2021), The Devil on Trial (2023)

What is an insanity plea and is it a get out of jail free card? Can someone be acquitted of a crime due to demonic possession?

Sources:

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984, 18 U.S.C. § 17(a) (1984).

Federal Rules of Evidence, 704(b).

General Statutes of Connecticut, § 53a-54a, 53a-13 (2023 Edition).

Durham v. U.S., 214 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954).

U.S. v. Freeman, 357 F.2d 606 (2nd Cir. 1966).

U.S. v. Freeman, 804 F.2d 1574 (11th Cir. 1986).

State v. Conte, 157 Conn. 209 (Conn. 1968).

State v. Rossier, 175 Conn. 204 (Conn. 1978).

Elizabeth Nevins-Saunders, Not Guilty as Charged: The Myth of Mens Rea for Defendants with Mental Retardation, 45 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1419 (2012).

Phillip J. Resnick, The Andrea Yates Case: Insanity on Trial. 55 Clev. St. L. Rev. 147 (2007).

Marco Margaritoff, “Andrea Yates, The Texas Woman Who Drowned Her Kids to Save Them From the Devil.” All That’s Interesting (May 21, 2023). https://allthatsinteresting.com/andrea-yates

“A Crime of Insanity: Insanity on Trial” Frontline. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/crime/trial/faqs.html .

“The Insanity Defense Among the States” FindLaw.com, reviewed Jan. 23, 2019.

“Insanity Defense” Wikipedia, accessed Oct. 23, 2023.

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Re: Emancipation of Minors/Degrassi: The Next Generation (2001), Roswell (1999), Gossip Girl (2007), New Amsterdam (2018)

What is legal emancipation? Can anyone under the age of 18 be legally emancipated? Is it as easy to be emancipated as they show on TV?

TV Episodes:

Degrassi: The Next Generation, S.3 Ep.21: “Our House” (aired 2004); S.7, Ep.24: “We Built This City” (aired 2008).

New Amsterdam, S.4, Ep.14: “…Unto the Breach” (aired 2022).

Gossip Girl, S.2, Ep.11: “The Magnificent Archibalds” (aired 2008).

Roswell, S.1 Ep.15: “Independence Day” (aired 2000).

Sources:

Children’s Law Reform Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. C.12, s. 65 (2021).

Ontario Works Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 25, Sched. A (2021).

A.C. v. V.A., 2012 ONCJ 7 (CanLII).

O.G. v. R.G., 2017 ONCJ 153 (CanLII).

NewYouth, “I’m Under 18, How Can I Apply For Ontario Works (Welfare)?” https://newyouth.ca/en/resources/daily-life/personal-finance/im-under-18-how-can-i-apply-ontario-works-welfare (2019).

Emancipation of Minors Act, NM Stat. 32A-21-1 to 32A-21-7 (New Mexico Statutes (2023 Ed.)).

“Petition for Emancipation Instructions” Children’s Court Self Help Forms, https://seconddistrictcourt.nmcourts.gov/home/courts/childrens-court/childrens-court-self-help-forms/ (PDF, rev. 8/5/15).

Department of Social Services Regulations (18 NYCRR) § 349.5.

“Emancipation in New York,” Legal Assistance of Western New York, Inc. https://www.lawny.org/node/9/emancipation-new-york (2023).

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Re: The Sandlot (1993), Bridge to Terabithia (2007)/Premises Liability, Attractive Nuisance

Sources:

CA Civil Code §§ 846, 1714, 3342-3342.5.

Adams v. Bullock, 125 N.E. 93 (N.Y. 1919).

Dennis v. Odend'Hal-Monks Corp., 182 Va. 77 (1943).

Haywood v. South Hill Co., 142 Va. 761 (1925).

Martinez v. Bank of Am. Nat’l Trust & Sav. Ass’n, 82 Cal. App. 4th 883 (Cal. App. 2000).

McDaniel v. Sunset Manor Co., 220 Cal.App.3d 1 (Cal. App. 1990).

Ornelas v. Randolph, 4 Cal. 4th 1095 (1993).

Palsgraf v. Long Island R. Co., 248 N.Y. 339 (N.Y. 1928).

Radoff v. Hunter, 158 Cal.App.2d 770 (Cal. App. 1958), concur.

Rowland v. Christian, 69 Cal. 2d 108 (1968).

Valladares v. Stone, 218 Cal. App. 3d 362 (Cal. App. 1990).

Written, Researched, and Recorded by Céleste Young, 2024.
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Re: 12 Angry Men (1957), Veronica Mars (2004)/Juries

Sources:

Declaration of Independence (1776).

U. S. Constitution, Art. III §2; Amends. 5, 6, 14 §1.

Ballew v. Georgia, 435 U.S. 223 (1978).

Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968).

Smith v. Texas, 311 U.S. 128 (1940).

Sparf v. U.S., 156 U.S. 51 (1895).

Williams v. Florida, 399 U.S. 78 (1970).

Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 (1978).

Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instructions. CALCRIM No. 101, 103 (2023 Ed.).

CJI2d NY Model Instructions Final – Jury Admonitions, Reasonable Doubt. New York Model Criminal Jury Instructions (2020 Ed.).

Death Penalty Information Center, “New York,” https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state/new-york

John Conway, “Not Until 1937 Could Women Serve On Juries in New York,” New York Almanack. (April 5, 2023), https://www.newyorkalmanack.com/2023/04/sullivan-countys-first-juror-of-the-fair-sex/

Written, Researched, and Recorded by Céleste Young, 2024.
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