OTD:

In 1793, the Louvre in Paris opened as a public museum, displaying art seized during the French Revolution and becoming one of the world’s most famous museums.

In 1809, Humphry Davy demonstrated the first electric lamp in London, laying the groundwork for future electric lighting innovations.

In 1837, the Battle of Yungay ended the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation with a decisive Chilean victory, reshaping South America's political landscape.

In 1895, German judge Daniel Paul Schreber's psychotic episode led to a famous psychiatric case study that influenced Sigmund Freud's theories on paranoia.

In 1973, King Carl XVI Gustaf was enthroned in Sweden, leading the monarchy through a modern era with a focus on public engagement and social issues.

In 1976, Canadian sprinter Donovan Bailey was born, later becoming a two-time Olympic gold medalist and setting a world record in the 100 meters.

In 1980, Microsoft released MS-DOS, a pivotal operating system that helped drive the personal computing revolution and establish Microsoft’s dominance.

In 1985, a massive earthquake in Mexico City killed over 10,000 people, prompting changes in building codes and disaster preparedness.

In 2008, Lehman Brothers' collapse during the global financial crisis triggered panic in markets and led to the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression.

In 2019, the Libra Association, led by Facebook, announced plans for a global cryptocurrency, facing heavy regulatory opposition before scaling back.

OTD:

In 1683, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek described his discovery of single-celled organisms, revolutionizing microbiology with his observations of bacteria.

In 1787, the U.S. Constitution was signed in Philadelphia, establishing the framework for a democratic republic with a system of checks and balances.

In 1890, Sir William Halford patented an improved electric arc lighting system, enhancing safety and efficiency in public and industrial lighting.

In 1908, Gustav Mahler’s Symphony No. 7 premiered in Vienna, showcasing his innovative blend of musical styles and textures.

In 1923, the Great Kanto Earthquake struck Japan, causing widespread devastation, fires, and the deaths of over 140,000 people.

In 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland as part of a secret pact with Nazi Germany, contributing to Poland's occupation and suffering.

In 1972, Mark Spitz set a world record by winning his seventh gold medal at the Munich Olympics, a record that stood for 36 years.

In 1983, the first AI conference, IJCAI, was held in Toronto, shaping future AI research and fostering international collaboration in the field.

In 2000, the NASDAQ Composite peaked during the dot-com bubble before its collapse, marking the beginning of an economic downturn.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin, laying the foundation for the first decentralized digital currency through a cryptography mailing list.

OTD:

In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo's "Grito de Dolores" sparked the Mexican War of Independence against Spanish rule, eventually leading to Mexico's independence in 1821.

In 1859, Joshua Norton declared himself "Emperor of the United States" in San Francisco, becoming a beloved local figure despite his eccentricity.

In 1893, Dr. Charles McBurney performed the first successful appendectomy in New York, marking a major advancement in abdominal surgery.

In 1920, a deadly bomb exploded on Wall Street, killing 38 people and raising security concerns after an anarchist-led attack.

In 1956, IBM launched the 704 computer, the first mass-produced machine to support floating-point arithmetic, advancing scientific computing.

In 1965, Jean-Luc Godard's film Pierrot le Fou was released, becoming a key work in the French New Wave with its innovative style and existential themes.

In 1975, Papua New Guinea established the Bank of Papua New Guinea as its central bank, a major step in managing its post-independence economy.

In 1978, martial law was declared in several Iranian cities amid growing protests against the Shah’s regime, leading to the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

In 2000, the Sydney Summer Olympics opened, featuring record-breaking performances and praised as one of the best-organized Olympic Games.

In 2015, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management completed its investigation into a data breach affecting 22 million people, highlighting cybersecurity vulnerabilities.