In the latest episode of Daily Value, we dive into the global crisis of micronutrient inadequacies, based on research published in The Lancet Global Health. This study provides the first-ever global estimates on inadequate consumption of 15 essential micronutrients, revealing widespread deficiencies impacting billions of people.

Talking Points:

• Widespread Deficiencies: 68% of the global population lacks sufficient iodine intake, 67% are deficient in vitamin E, and 66% in calcium. Iron, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin C deficiencies also affect over 4 billion people worldwide.
• Gender Disparities: Women and men are disproportionately impacted by different micronutrient deficiencies.
• Health Impacts: These deficiencies are linked to cognitive impairment, weakened immune systems, and increased risks of chronic diseases.

We discuss the public health implications of these deficiencies and provide insights into strategies like dietary diversification, food fortification, and micronutrient supplementation to tackle this growing issue.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(24)00276-6/fulltext

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N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) shows promise for heart attack prevention

Heart attacks and strokes are a leading cause of death in developed countries - accounting for ~20% of all deaths in the U.S. Frequently, heart attacks and strokes are caused by blood clots (blood platelets that form when they are not needed, causing a narrowing/blockage of blood vessels) formed through arterial thrombosis. Current antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin) are effective but can increase major bleeding risk. As such, there is a growing need to prevent arterial thrombosis different from antiplatelet agents.

A recent study published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology investigated the potential of NAC as an agent to prevent arterial thrombosis. Utilizing both [cell-based] human blood models and mouse (in vitro) models, the research demonstrated that NAC significantly delayed and even prevented thrombus formation dose-dependently without increasing bleeding risks.

Findings:
*NAC treatment extended clot formation times by up to 3.7 times compared to controls in the human blood [cell] model.
*NAC entirely inhibited platelet aggregation and occlusive clot formation at higher doses than the above point in the cell model.
*A 400 mg/kg (via injection in rodents) dose of NAC in mice effectively prevented arterial occlusion post-injury.
*Lower doses (200 mg/kg - via injection in rodents) of NAC reduced clot stability, suggesting working as both an acute and preventative clotting therapy.

The study showed that NAC interferes with von Willebrand factor (a large protein crucial for blood clotting) activity. NAC acts against VWF rather than platelets to prevent clot formation. Thus, providing a safer alternative to traditional antiplatelet drugs that carry higher bleeding risks.

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Zinc and the Common Cold: What You Need to Know

What does zinc do for the body? Zinc is an essential trace element vital for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. It supports over 300 enzymes and the proper function of immune cells like T-cells and macrophages. Zinc also aids in the production of antibodies that fight infections.

A recent review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews found that zinc supplements might not prevent colds, but taking zinc at the onset of symptoms can reduce the duration by about two days. This represents a 10-20% decrease in illness length, which is clinically significant.

Takeaways:
1. Zinc element in immunity: vital for immune cell function and enzyme activity, making it crucial in fighting infections.
2. Supplementation: Zinc gluconate and zinc acetate lozenges may effectively reduce cold duration if taken within 24 hours of cold symptoms.
3. Zinc supplementation reduces sick days of the common cold, but does not affect the odds of catching a cold or symptom severity.
4. Zinc deficiency: Can lead to significant health issues, emphasizing the need for adequate intake.

Safety note: Zinc supplements are generally well-tolerated, but high doses can cause nausea and gastrointestinal distress. Do not exceed the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 40 mg/day regularly for adults without medical supervision.

What zinc should I take? Zinc gluconate and zinc acetate lozenges can be effective for boosting the immune system during colds. They can reduce the duration of symptoms if taken at the onset of illness. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Zinc deficiency symptoms:
Weakened immune response
Hair loss
Diarrhea
Delayed wound healing
Loss of appetite
Impaired growth and development in children

Benefits of zinc:
Zinc Benefits For Men: Supports testosterone production, muscle growth, and overall immunity.

Zinc Benefits for Women: Crucial for reproductive health, skin health, and immune function.

Zinc-rich foods:
Red meat
Seafood (especially oysters)
Poultry
Beans
Nuts
Whole grains
Dairy products

Stay informed, stay healthy.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8543785/
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD014914.pub2/full

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