• Bite-Size Burmese: Why is the Garuda Cooking Salt?
    May 31 2024

    What do you do when you’re in a pinch, out of options, and desperate? In English, you might make a Last-Ditch Effort. If you’re a football player, you might throw a Hail Mary Pass. But in Burmese, you might do what the mythical bird Garuda did: cook salt. To understand the Burmese expression အကြံကုန် ဂဠုန်ဆားချက် (when the Garuda runs out of ideas, it cooks salt), you need to know the legend about the Garuda (ဂဠုန်) and its mortal enemy, the serpent Naga (နဂါး). For more on the legend, and on ways to use this expression, listen to this episode of Bite-Size Burmese. (Illustration by Burmese artist Nyan Kyal Say, NK Artbox; Intro and end music: "When my ukulele plays" by Soundroll, Upbeat.io.)

    Vocabulary

    အကြံ idea

    ကုန်ပြီ to be depleted, to run out, to exhaust

    ဂဠုန် Garuda, a mythical bird

    နဂါး Naga, a mythical serpent

    ကမ္ဘာရန်သူ mortal enemy

    မတတ်နိုင်လို့ because it cannot be helped

    သေသေကြေကြေ live or die

    မထူးဘူး makes no difference

    ကတုတ်ကျင်း ditch

    သမ္မာကျမ်းစာ Bible

    မယ်တော်မာရိ Mother Mary

    ယျေဘုယျအားဖြင့် generally speaking

    လူယောင်ဖန်ဆင်း to transform into a human, to take the human shape

    ဒဏ္ဍာရီ legend, fable

    အလွတ်ကျက် to learn by heart

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    9 mins
  • On Work-Related Words and Phrases
    May 18 2024

    The phrase လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုး literally translates to "cost of tea" or "tea money," but in workplaces, especially in government offices known for corruption, it takes on a different meaning. လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုးတောင်းတယ် or "to ask for tea money," is "to demand a bribe"; and လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုးပေးတယ် or "to offer tea money" is "to offer a bribe." Just like in English, the Burmese phrases for "applying for a job / posting a job vacancy / getting a job" all revolve around the noun အလုပ် or "job." But do you know the right verbs to express them?
    In this episode dedicated to work-related vocabulary, my cohost Mol Mol from BLAY, or Burmese language academy of Yangon, and I talk about getting our first office jobs, and introduce you to words and phrases related to office life. Let’s go to work!
    (Illustration generated in AI with Microsoft Designer; Music clips from Uppbeat.io)

    Vocabulary

    အလုပ်လျှောက်တယ် to apply for a job
    အလုပ်ခေါ်တယ် to announce a vacant position
    အလုပ်ရတယ် to get a job
    ဆောက်လုပ်ရေးပစ္စည်း construction materials
    အရောင်းအဝယ်မြှင့်တင်ရေး marketing
    အင်တာဗျူး interview
    အင်တာဗျူးထိုင်တယ် / အင်တာဗျူးသွားတယ် to go to an interview, to be interviewed
    လုပ်ရည်ကိုင်ရည် ability, performance
    ကိုယ်ရည်ကိုယ်သွေး capacity, aptitude
    အချိန်ပြည့်ဝန်ထမ်း full-time employee
    အစမ်းခန့်ကာလ trial period
    ဝန်ထမ်း / စာရေး staff, clerk
    ကြီးကြပ်ရေးမှူး supervisor, manager
    လက်ထောက်ကြီးကြပ်ရေးမှူး assistant supervisor, manager
    အစည်းအဝေး meeting
    အစည်းအဝေးခေါ်တယ် / အစည်းအဝေးလုပ်တယ် to hold a meeting
    အစည်းအဝေးတက်တယ် to attend a meeting
    ဆွေးနွေးတယ် to discuss
    သုံးသပ်တယ် to analyze
    ချီးကျူးစကားပြောတယ် to praise
    လုပ်ငန်းခွင် workplace
    တာဝန်ကျေတယ် to fulfil one’s duty
    ရာထူးတိုးပေးတယ် to promote someone
    လခတိုးပေးတယ် / လစာတိုးပေးတယ် to give someone a raise
    အပိုဆုကြေး reward money
    ဘောက်ဆူး bonus
    ရုံးတက်ချိန် start of office hours
    ရုံးဆင်းချိန် end of office hours
    ဝန်ဆောင်မှုပေးတယ် to offer services
    စာရင်းပိတ်တယ် to close daily transaction records (in a bank)
    နေ့လယ်စာစားချိန် lunch time
    နားချိန် / အားလပ်ချိန် break time
    ညောင်းညာလာပြီ to get tired
    အလုပ်ရှင် employer
    သူဌေး boss, owner
    လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုး / လာဘ် tea money / bribe
    လာဘ်ပေးတယ် / လာဘ်ထိုးတယ် to offer a bribe
    လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုးတောင်းတယ် / လာဘ်တောင်းတယ် to demand a bribe

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    21 mins
  • Bite-Size Burmese: Oh, the Humanity!
    Apr 6 2024

    Humane, inhumane, humanitarian, humanize, humanist, subhuman—there are examples of English words derived from the root word Human . In Burmese, if you want to publicize something, you have to do it so that "men would know and monks would hear (လူသိရှင်ကြား)." If you have lost your influence, you'd become someone who "men don't respect and dogs don't fear" (လူမလေး ခွေးမခန့်). In this episode of Bite-Size Burmese, I introduce you to some colorful Burmese praises, insults, and expressions revolving around the word လူ (lu) for Human. (Intro and end music: "When my ukulele plays" by Soundroll, Upbeat.io.)

    Vocabulary

    လူဆန်တယ် to act in a human-like manner, to be humane

    လူမဆန်ဘူး to act in ways unbecoming a human, to be inhumane

    လူတောမတိုးဘူး to be socially awkward, to be unable to fit in

    လူရာမဝင်ဘူး to fail to measure up, to be considered inferior

    လူမလေး ခွေးမခန့် men don't respect (him), dogs don't fear (him), to be subjected to disdain

    လူသိရှင်ကြား men would know and monks would hear, to publicize far and wide, to officially announce

    လူတန်းစားခွဲခြားတယ် to discriminate based on social class

    လူ့ဘောင် human society

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    10 mins
  • On Airport-Related Words and Phrases
    Mar 3 2024

    To talk about modern-day travel means to talk about air travel primarily. In this episode, my cohost Mol Mol from BLAY (Burmese Language Academy of Yangon) and I teach you all the terms and phrases associated with airport, from custom officers and immigration officers to flight attendants and x-ray machines. We can’t help you avoid excess luggage fees or make your inflight meal taste better, but we’ll give you the words you need to talk about them. Buckle up for a short 30-min flight with us. (Music clips from Uppbeat.io)

    Vocabulary

    လေဆိပ် airport
    ရန်ကုန်အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာလေဆိပ် Yangon International Airport
    ... ကို အစွဲပြုပြီးခေါ်တယ် … to be named after (something)
    ပြည်တွင်း domestic
    ပြည်ပ abroad
    အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ international
    လုံခြုံရေးအရာရှိ security personnel
    အိတ်စစ်တယ် to examine the luggage
    ဓာတ်မှန်ရိုက်တယ် to x-ray
    လေကြောင်း airline
    ဒဏ်ငွေရိုက်တယ် to be charged a penalty (for excess luggage, for example)
    လေယာဉ် airplane
    လေယာဉ်ထွက်တယ် the airplane departs / takes off
    လေယာဉ်ဆိုက်တယ် the airplane arrives / lands
    စကားလုံးပွားတယ် to spawn a new word
    အကောက်ခွန်အရာရှိ custom officers
    လူဝင်မှုကြီးကြပ်ရေး immigration
    လဝက Burmese acronym for immigration
    နိုင်ငံကူးလက်မှတ် passport
    အငှားကား taxi
    ငွေလဲကောင်တာ money exchange counter
    လေယာဉ်မယ် female flight attendant
    လေယာဉ်မောင် male flight attendant
    လေယာဉ်မှူး pilot
    ကပ်စေးနည်းတယ် to be penny pinching, to be stingy
    ခရီးစဉ် flight, itinerary
    တိုက်ရိုက်သွားတယ် to fly direct
    လေယာဉ်ပြောင်းတယ် to transfer plane
    ခရီးသည် passenger, traveler
    … နဲ့ သိပ်မရင်းနှီးဘူး not that familiar with
    ယောင်ပြီး (adverb) absent-mindedly, unconsciously
    ခြေဟန်လက်ဟန်နဲ့ with body language, with hand gestures
    လေယာဉ်ပြေးလမ်း runway

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    26 mins
  • Bite-Size Burmese: A Word on Words to Describe How People Speak
    Jan 31 2024

    If you can butter up someone into doing something in English, you can also “စကားချိုသွေး” or "sweettalk" someone in Burmese. In English, you might describe someone as “a foul mouth”; in Burmese it takes the verb form: “ပါးစပ်ကြမ်းတယ်” or his or her “mouth is foul." If you need to fish for information, you might “စကားချူ” or “siphon words." Some people might siphon more than words. They'll give you a sob story to "မျက်ရည်ချူ" or "siphon tears." But what does it mean to “စကားပလ္လင်ခံ” or “use a throne to raise your words”? That is what you do when you start off with a prelude to get to something else that really matters. For example, you start off talking about the bad economy, your low wages, and eventually you ask to borrow money. In this episode of Bite-Size Burmese, I introduce you to a list of Burmese expressions that describe the manners and strategies of speaking. (Intro and end music: "When my ukulele plays" by Soundroll, Upbeat.io.)

    စကားများတယ် to be talkative (lit. to be of excessive words)

    စကားနည်းတယ် to be of few words, to speak very little

    စကားကြမ်းတယ် / အပြောကြမ်းတယ် / ပါးစပ်ကြမ်းတယ် to be a foul mouth, to speak harshly or rudely

    စကားချိုတယ် / အပြောချိုတယ် to be a persuasive, eloquent, or gentle speaker

    စကားချိုသွေးတယ် to sweet-talk

    စကားပြေ prose

    စကားပြန် interpreter

    စကားချူတယ် to fish for information (lit. to siphon words)

    မျက်ရည်ချူတယ် to give a sob story (lit. to siphon tears)

    စကားလွန်သွားပြီ / အပြောလွန်သွားပြီ to over-speak, to speak too much, to overpromise

    စကားမှားသွားပြီ / အပြောမှားသွားပြီ to misspeak

    စကားလွဲသွားပြီ / အပြောလွဲသွားပြီ to misspeak

    စကားပလ္လင်ခံတယ် / စကားချီတယ် / စကားပျိုးတယ် to use a prelude or preliminary words to get to something else

    စကားကောင်းနေတယ် to be having a lively conversation

    စကားဖြတ်တယ် to cut off or terminate a conversation

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    8 mins
  • On the Word Mingalah for Auspiciousness
    Jan 17 2024

    You have probably heard the Burmese phrase မင်္ဂလာပါ Mingalah bah--typically used by hotel receptions and restaurant staff to greet you. Derived from Pali, the word roughly means to be auspicious, to have good omen, and to have good tidings -- a general word of positivity. But do you know that you can also spawn other compound words with it, like an auspicious new year, a blessed birthday, an auspicious donation ceremony, and so on? Also, if you must count your blessings, what is the classifier required?

    In this episode, my cohost Mol Mol from BLAY (Burmese Language Academy of Yangon) and I discuss how you can use the word မင်္ဂလာ Mingalah as more than a simple "Hello!" Talking about getting married, becoming a novice, or piercing your ears? You’ll need this word for just about every special occasion.

    Vocabulary

    မင်္ဂလာ (noun) blessings, good tidings, auspiciousness

    နှစ်သစ်မင်္ဂလာ auspicious new year

    ရှင်ပြုမင်္ဂလာ auspicious novitiation

    ဖန်တီးတယ် to create

    မွေးနေ့မင်္ဂလာ auspicious birthday

    ကင်ပွန်းတတ်မင်္ဂလာ auspicious child-naming ceremony

    နားသမင်္ဂလာ / နားထွင်းမင်္ဂလာ auspicious ear-piercing ceremony

    မင်္ဂလာဆောင်တယ် to get married

    မင်္ဂလာဆောင် wedding

    မင်္ဂလာစကားပြောတယ် to speak auspicious words, to gave a wedding speech

    စုလျားရစ်ပတ်တယ် to get married (literally, to bind with a towel)

    ဘိသိတ်ဆရာ traditional orator, storyteller, speaker

    မင်္ဂလာဦး eve of wedding

    မင်္ဂလာဆွမ်း alms donated to monks to mark a wedding

    မင်္ဂလာရှိတယ် to be auspicious

    မင်္ဂလာမရှိဘူး to be inauspicious

    အမင်္ဂလာ that which is inauspicious, that which invites bad luck

    အကုသိုလ် bad deeds

    နိမိတ်မကောင်းဘူး the omen is no good

    မင်္ဂလာတစ်ပါး one type of blessing (note the use of ပါး as the counting word)

    တံမြတ်စည်း broom

    လာဘ်ပိတ်တယ် to invite bad luck

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    25 mins
  • Bite-Size Burmese: Show Me Your Face and I'll Tell You How You're Feeling
    Dec 3 2023

    In Burmese, the face is a great way to express your helplessness, pride, shame, or outrage--figuratively. When you’re feeling awkward, you might say, your face is burning (မျက်နှာပူတယ်). When you’re feeling insecure, your face is small (မျက်နှာငယ်တယ်). And when you favor someone, you give them face time (မျက်နှာပေးတယ် or မျက်နှာသာပေးတယ်). By the same token, if you get special treatment, people begrudge you for getting face time (မျက်နှာရတယ် or မျက်နှာသာရတယ်). Why say, “Don’t dishonor me” when you can say “Don’t rub soot on my face” (မျက်နှာကို အိုးမည်းမသုတ်နဲ့)? For more, listen to this episode of Bite-Size Burmese about face-related expressions.
    (Illustration by Burmese artist Nyan Kyal Say, NK Artbox; Intro and end music: "When my ukulele plays" by Soundroll, Upbeat.io.)

    Vocabulary

    အခြေခံတယ် to be based on
    မျက်နှာပူတယ် to feel awkward, to feel embarrassed
    မျက်နှာငယ်တယ် to feel small, insecure
    အားငယ်တယ် to feel insecure, helpless
    အားကိုးတယ် to rely on, to depend on
    အကြွေး debt
    မျက်နှာပေးတယ် / မျက်နှာသာပေးတယ် to give favorable treatment
    မျက်နှာရတယ် / မျက်နှာသာရတယ် to receive favorable treatment
    မျက်နှာပျက်တယ် to lose prestige
    မျက်နှာကို အိုးမည်းနဲ့သုတ်တယ် to bring shame, dishonor on someone
    လှောင်ပြောင်တယ် to mock, to make fun of someone
    စော်ကားတယ် to insult someone
    မျက်နှာပြောင်တိုက်တယ် to act with a bold face

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    10 mins
  • On Burmese Folk Tales and Bedtime Stories
    Nov 5 2023

    What is your favorite bedtime story? Cinderella? Snow White? For Burmese kids, most likely it’s a story associated with a proverb, like Maung Po and the Tiger, or one of the jatakas, a retelling of the Buddha’s past lives that brought him to enlightenment. In this episode, I speak to A Zun Mo, the coauthor of Burmese Stories for Language Learners, published by Tuttle. Want to know why people pray for the angle May Khalar when they’re in a pinch? Want to know why the Burmese say, Maung Po and the Tiger should go back to the way they were? A Zun Mo is here to explain these. (Photo licensed from Shutterstock: Girl reading with light inside a pagoda in Bagan, by Nuttavut Sammongkol; Music clips from Uppbeat.io)

    Vocabulary

    ပုံပြင် fable, story
    ဘုရားလောင်း Boddhisatva, someone destined to become buddha
    မဟာဇနက္က / မဟာဇနက Maha Zanaka, a prince in a Buddhist parable
    ရွှေသွေး Shwe Thway, a weekly journal for children
    ဇာတ်တော်ကြီးဆယ်ဘွဲ့ Ten Jatakas based on Buddha’s past lives
    ခြုံငုံပြီး to sum up, to speak to summary
    နတ်သမီး goddess, female deity
    သမုဒ္ဒရာ ocean
    ပန်းတိုင် goal
    ဇွဲ / လုံ့လ determination, perseverance
    ကုန်သည် merchant
    စာသင်သားတွေအတွက် ရည်ရွယ်တယ် intended for language learners
    မဏိမေခလာကို တမ်းတတယ် to long for the goddess May Khala
    ပိုနေမြဲ ကျားနေမြဲ Maung Po and the tiger are back to where they were, a proverb
    စကားပုံ proverb
    ထောင်ချောက် trap
    ကျေးဇူးကန်းတယ် to be ungrateful
    ရုပ်ပြစာအုပ် graphics novel, illustrated book
    ကျန်စစ်သား Kyansittha, the name of a king from the Bagan Dynasty
    ရာဇကုမာရ် Rajakumar, the name of a prince from the Bagan Dynasty
    ခိုင်ခိုင်မာမာ solidly, firmly
    ဘာသာဗေဒ linguistics
    ကောက်ကာငင်ကာ suddenly, spontaneously
    ကျွတ်သွားတယ် to have found salvation (used when discussing ghosts and spirits)

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    30 mins